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abuse and neglect |
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- Abuse can take many forms. It may be physical, psychological, sexual, or financial. One type of abuse is neglect. It occurs when a caretaker fails to fulfill the basic needs of a child, elder, or dependent adult. |
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achondroplasia |
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- Achondroplasia is an inherited disorder that causes short stature. |
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acute otitis media |
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adenoidal hypertrophy |
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albinism |
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- Albinism refers to a group of disorders that are present at birth. It is characterised by a decrease or lack of colour in the skin, hair, and eyes. |
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amniocentesis |
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- This test, performed upon a sample of the fluid surrounding the foetus in the uterus (the "amniotic fluid"), is designed to detect a number of disorders of the foetus. |
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airline travel with children |
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- Aeroplane travel can be exciting for a child. It can also present challenges. Depending on the age, a child may find it difficult to sit for long periods of time in the confined space of an aeroplane. A benefit of airline travel with children is that the trip takes less time than by ground. By making preparations ahead of time to address the child's needs, parents can make a trip more enjoyable for both children and adults. |
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APGAR |
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- The APGAR score is a quick test performed on the infant immediately after delivery at 1, 5 and sometimes 10 minutes after birth to determine the physical condition of the newborn. |
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anal fissure |
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- An anal fissure is a tear in the internal lining of the anus. This area is called the anal mucosa. This break in the anal lining often re-opens during bowel movements. The result is bright red blood and intense pain. |
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apparent life-threatening event |
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animal bites |
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- An injury that is the result of the flesh of a person being caught between the teeth of the upper and lower jaw of an animal. Animal bites do not include insect bites. |
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appropriate diet for age |
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- Nutritional needs and developmental skills change as a child grows. An age-appropriate diet is one that provides the nutritional requirements and matches the developmental capabilities of a child. An age-appropriate diet provides the nutrients a child needs to grow and develop. It also includes foods that a child likes and can eat easily. This makes meals and snacks more pleasant. |
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asthma |
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- Asthma is a common lung disease. In a person with asthma, the airways narrow as a result of inflammation within the airway wall, when exposed to different factors, or triggers. As such, individuals with asthma develop symptoms of widespread and variable airflow obstruction. These events can often reverse spontaneously or with appropriate medication. |
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atelectasis |
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asymptomatic bacteriuria |
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- Asymptomatic bacteruiria is the presence of bacteria in the urine, without any symptoms. |
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atrial septal defects |
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- An atrial septal defect is an abnormal opening in the wall of the heart that separates the right from the left atrium. |
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Babinski reflex |
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- A Babinski reflex is a body response that may be tested during a physical examination. This reflex, or involuntary type of response, is normal in small children, but not normal for those over 2 years old. |
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autism |
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- Autism is a condition that affects development of the brain. Autism severely affects a person's social, mental, emotional, and communications skills. |
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Autism |
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Autism - One in a thousand children are born with autism, a condition for which there's no cure and no medical treatment. But it can be managed. Peta Newbold reports: - When seven-year old twins Corey and Harley Williams returned home... |
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babies and shots |
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- During their early years, children need many different vaccinations to prevent diseases that used to cause serious health problems. |
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baby bottle tooth decay |
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baby feeding patterns |
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- Newborn infants have different patterns of feeding behaviour. |
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bacterial meningitis |
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- Bacterial (back-tier-ee-al) meningitis (men-in-jie-tis) is an infection of the membranes that cover the brain. |
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benign ear growth |
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bilirubin |
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- This test measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced by the breakdown of haemoglobin, the oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells. Bilirubin is processed in the liver. If liver cells are damaged, it can escape into the bloodstream. |
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Biology versus behaviour |
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Biology versus behaviour - March 13, 2001 - What comes first: the chicken or the egg? Are we born with the behavioural legacy of our gender differences, or do we learn them? Is the brain male or female? Wendy Champagne looks into the age... |
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bleeding |
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- Bleeding is any loss of blood from the body. Bleeding can occur either internally or externally. It can occur through a natural opening such as the vagina. Most bleeding occurs through a break in the skin. |
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blocked tear duct |
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blood in the stools |
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- Blood in the stools means that blood from somewhere in the body is being excreted in the stool, or bowel movement. |
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blood in the urine |
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- Blood in the urine can be visible, or it may only be noticed when the urine is tested. |
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botulism in adults and children |
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- Botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disorder. It is caused by a toxin, or poison, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It can result in paralysis, or the loss of sensation or muscle function, if left untreated. It can also cause breathing difficulty. |
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botulism in infants |
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- Botulism is a condition caused by a toxin made by bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. This toxin triggers sudden, progressive weakness and paralysis. Infant botulism is usually seen in babies younger than 6 months old. |
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brachial palsy in the newborn |
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- Brachial palsy is a condition in an infant in which the arm is partly or completely paralysed. |
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bowleg |
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Breast is Best |
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Breast is Best - August 09, 2001 - "Breast is Best" is an expression today's 'Information Age' mums probably first heard from their mothers and it's as true today as it ever was. However only around 18 percent of Australian babies are... |
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brain stem auditory evoked response test |
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breast milk |
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- A woman's body produces breast milk after the birth of an infant. After delivery of the baby, changes in hormonal patterns of the mother change rapidly. This triggers the release of hormones that cause the body to produce breast milk. |
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breastfeeding |
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- Techniques and advice for successful breastfeeding. |
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breastfeeding mothers |
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- Any woman who is breastfeeding her baby needs to follow some recommendations about health and nutrition. |
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breastfeeding nutrition |
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- Breastfeeding is feeding a baby with human milk. Experts agree that the best nourishment for a full-term baby is human milk. Breast milk or formula is the only nourishment a baby needs for the first 4 to 6 months of life. |
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breastfeeding problems |
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bronchiolitis |
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- Bronchiolitis is an inflammation in the bronchioles, or small airways in the lungs. It is characterised by wheezing. It usually affects children under 2 years of age. |
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burns |
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- A burn is defined as any destruction of skin or body tissue resulting from heat, chemicals, or electricity. The severity of a burn depends on how much tissue is affected, and how deep the burn is. Burn severity can range from first-degree to third-degree. |
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celiac disease |
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Coeliac disease is a malabsorption syndrome. The intestine is not able to absorb vital dietary nutrients from foods. Due to a sensitivity of foods containing gliadin, an alcohol-soluble portion of gluten. |
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celiac disease-nutrition |
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- Coeliac disease is a chronic digestive disorder that affects the small intestine. It can begin at any stage of life, from infancy through adulthood. The disease varies in severity from person to person. People with coeliac disease have an intolerance or a reaction to gliadin, which is a component of gluten. Gluten and gliadin are found in several common grains. |
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cellulitis |
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- Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and the layer under the skin. |
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cerebral palsy |
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- Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive condition due to an injury to the brain before it is fully mature. This injury causes long-term problems with movement and often other difficulties as well. |
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chemical burns |
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- Chemical burns involve injury to a part of the body caused by short- or long-term exposure to a chemical substance. |
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cherry angioma |
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- A cherry angioma is a tuft of blood vessels that form a bright red bump on the skin. |
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chickenpox |
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- Chicken pox is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is characterised by a blistery rash. |
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chickenpox vaccine |
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- The chickenpox vaccine is given to prevent chickenpox in children and adults. Vaccines contain weakened or dead germs that cause certain diseases. To fight these germs, the body's immune system creates antibodies. Antibodies are cells that attack foreign substances in the body. A vaccine causes the body to makes antibodies to the weakened germs in the vaccine. Some of these antibodies will stay in the body for long periods of time. How long they remain depends on which vaccine a person gets. If the person is later exposed to the disease, the antibodies multiply to fight it off. |
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child sexual abuse |
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- Child sexual abuse is any experience during childhood or adolescence that involves inappropriate sexual attention by another person. This person is usually an adult, but can also be an older child, teenager, or even a person the same age. It can take place within the family, by a parent, stepparent, sibling, or other relative. It also can occur outside the family by a friend, neighbour, childcare person, teacher, or random molester. Broadbent and Bentley (1997) from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare advise there were 4,862 substantiated cases of sexual abuse reported to state and territory organisations throughout Australia. |
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childhood disintegrative disorder |
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- A child with childhood disintegrative disorder develops normally for the first 2 years. At 3-4 years of age, the child shows marked deterioration of his or her intellectual, social, and language skills. Childhood disintegrative disorder is a type of pervasive developmental disorder. |
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Children with dreams |
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Children with dreams - February 27, 2001 - Cerebral palsy affects around one in 400 children born in Australia every year. While it may make life a little bit more of a challenge, it certainly doesn't have to mean giving up on the more... |
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choking in the conscious child |
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- Choking in a conscious child may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. |
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chromosome analysis |
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- Chromosome analysis involves looking at cells under a microscope to see if the chromosomes are normal. |
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choking in the conscious infant |
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- Choking in a conscious infant may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. |
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choking in the unconscious infant |
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- Choking in an unconscious infant may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. An infant is a child under 1 year of age. |
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chronic otitis media |
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- Chronic otitis media is a term to describe persistent or chronic middle ear inflammation. This may be due to persistent fluid behind the eardrum from repeated middle ear infections. |
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chronic sinusitis |
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cleft lip and palate |
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cognitive impairment |
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colds |
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- A cold is a viral infection that affects the upper airway including the nose, pharynx, throat, airways, and lungs. |
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coarctation of the aorta |
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colic in infants |
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- Colic is a condition that affects some newborn infants. Colic causes intense crying and fussing for which there is no obvious cause. |
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congenital dislocation of the hip |
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congenital heart disease |
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congestive heart failure in children |
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conjunctivitis |
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contact dermatitis |
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Coombs' test, direct |
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- The direct Coombs' test detects antibodies, which are proteins that react against other molecules, on the surface of an individual's red blood cells. |
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cow's milk |
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- Cow's milk provides the body with energy, protein, calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, and other nutrients. It is an important part of a healthy diet for children older than 12 months and adults. Medical and nutrition experts highly recommend breast-feeding for an infant's first year of life. Commercially prepared infant formulas are usually cow's milk-based or soy-based. Commercially prepared infant formulas do not contain factors that help protect babies from allergies and common illnesses, though infant formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk. |
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cord blood tests |
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craniosynostosis |
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- Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of the spaces between the bones that make up the skull. |
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croup |
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crush injury |
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- A crush injury occurs when a body part is caught between 2 objects. |
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crying in childhood |
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- Children may cry for many reasons ranging from serious health problems to being hungry. |
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cyanotic heart disease |
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crying in infancy |
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- Infants may cry for many reasons ranging from serious health problems to being hungry. |
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cystic fibrosis |
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cyanosis |
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- Cyanosis is a blue or purple discolouration of the skin that can occur when there is not enough oxygen in a person's blood or tissues. |
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cystic fibrosis - nutritional considerations |
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- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease. CF occurs in 1 in 2500 births in Australia and is the most common genetic disease in Caucasian Australians. CF prevents the body from absorbing enough nutrients. This makes it difficult for people with CF to meet increased nutrient needs. As a result, people with CF may need to eat an enriched diet with more kilojoules and take extra vitamins and enzymes. |
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cytomegalovirus |
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day care health risks |
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day care health risks - What is the information for this topic? - Many young children spend a good portion of their lives in daycare. There are many benefits to day care. It can provide enriching educational and social experiences for the... |
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dental care of the child |
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- In recent years, the way that dentists care for children's teeth has changed. There is now a greater emphasis on prevention. Many of the problems of oral disease have been greatly reduced because individuals have been educated about proper oral hygiene. |
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diaper rash |
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diarrhea caused by antibiotics |
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diarrhea in children |
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- Diarrhoea is a condition involving frequent loose, watery stools. |
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diarrhea in infants |
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- Diarrhoea is a condition in which loose, watery stools are passed with greater frequency than normal. |
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DNA testing |
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- DNA testing is a type of genetic test that looks for changes in the DNA molecule. The changes, called mutations, may be associated with genetic diseases. Diseases such as the inborn errors of metabolism are diagnosed this way. The changes may also be variations in the DNA molecule that occur between the genes. These changes don't cause disease, and are sometimes called innocent changes. Identifying them can be useful for such things as paternity testing. |
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Down syndrome |
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- Down syndrome is the name for the pattern of physical features and disorders that usually occur from an extra chromosome twenty one. Chromosomes are the materials that store people's genetic information. |
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DPT immunization |
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
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- Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder of the muscles. It causes the muscles to degenerate and lose their function. |
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dyshidrotic eczema |
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E. coli enteritis |
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ear foreign bodies |
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- An ear foreign body is anything inside of the ear canal other than earwax. Foreign bodies that are commonly found in the ear are beads, beans, cotton swabs, paper clips, bugs, insects, and small toys. |
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ear pain |
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- Ear pain is any pain that occurs in any part of the inner, middle, or outer ear. This pain can be by itself or associated with other symptoms. |
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ECG |
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- An electrocardiogram, also called an ECG, is a graphic record of the heart's electrical activity. Doctors use it to help diagnose heart disease. They can also use it to monitor how well different heart medications are working. |
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ear wax blockage |
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- Ear wax blockage is a common complaint that causes no serious effects. It involves wax build up that produces a sensation of fullness in the ear, and possibly partial deafness. |
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eczema |
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electrical injury |
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- An electrical injury occurs when the skin or internal organs are exposed to electric current. |
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emotional abuse |
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- Emotional abuse occurs when a person uses words or actions to make another person think less or himself or herself. It may be accompanied by physical abuse or sexual abuse. |
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encephalitis |
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- Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. It usually follows or results from an infection. |
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epiglottitis |
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epilepsy |
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ethmoiditis |
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Every parent's nightmare |
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Every parent's nightmare - June 19, 2001 - There is nothing as sad in this world as the death of a child, and yet every year the most common cause of death for children aged between one month and one year is unknown. Wendy Champagne looks... |
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eustachian tube patency |
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- Eustachian tube patency describes a condition in which the eustachian tube is continually open. The eustachian tube is a structure in the ear that runs from behind the eardrum to the back part of the nasal cavity. |
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eye emergencies |
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- Eye emergencies can be divided into 3 levels: |
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eye pain |
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- Eye pain refers to any discomfort in the area of the eye. |
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faecal impaction |
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- Faecal impaction is a severe form of constipation in which a large mass of stool cannot be passed. |
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failure to thrive |
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fetal alcohol syndrome |
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febrile seizures |
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fever |
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fever and children |
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- Fever is defined as a higher than normal body temperature. Normal temperature is 37 degrees Celsius (c). |
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fever blisters |
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fifth disease |
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first aid for difficulty breathing |
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- A person who has difficulty breathing is having trouble moving air in or out of the lungs. This can be the result of an airway obstruction, disease, severe allergic reaction, injury, or other medical condition. |
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first aid for poisoning |
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- Poisoning occurs when a person comes in contact with a toxic substance. Contact can mean swallowing, inhaling, touching, or injecting a toxic substance. |
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Folate |
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Folate - August 30, 2001 - Every week in Australia, up to nine babies are born with a neural tube defect. The most common is spina bifida. It's a serious and permanent disability but the evidence shows that a diet rich in folate can... |
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flu |
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- Influenza, more commonly known as the flu, is a viral illness that affects the respiratory tract. |
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flu vaccine |
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fluoride |
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- Fluoride is a trace mineral. It is present in the body in a very small amount. The average body contains about two and a half grams of fluoride. Most fluoride is found in the bones and teeth. |
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food allergy |
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- A food allergy is an immune response caused by certain foods when those foods are eaten or come into contact with the body. |
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gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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genetic counselling |
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- Genetic counselling is a discussion with a doctor or genetics counsellor about genetic diseases in a family. Genetic diseases are conditions that can be passed on from a parent to offspring. Examples of common genetic disorders are: Turner syndrome Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Tourette syndrome coeliac disease Wilson disease Huntington disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy Tay-Sachs disease haemachromatosis cystic fibrosis thallassaemiaPeople who seek genetic counselling usually have a personal or family history of genetic disease. In some cases, several relatives may meet with the doctor or counsellor. |
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genetic screening |
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- Genetic screening is the process of looking for indications of a genetic disease. A genetic disease is a condition that is passed down from a parent to his or her offspring. Genetic screening is usually done before any signs of disease are present. The procedure is undertaken for several reasons. It may be done to determine if someone will develop a genetic disease. Examples of common genetic disorders are: Turner syndrome Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Tourette syndrome coeliac disease Wilson disease Huntington disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy Tay-Sachs disease haemachromatosis cystic fibrosis thallasaemiaGenetic screening is sometimes done to determine if a person can pass on a genetic disease, even if he or she is not at risk for developing the actual condition. It also may be done as part of a study of the whole population. |
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genetic testing |
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- Through genetic testing, doctors look for the known cause of a specific disease in someone who already has the symptoms. Laboratory studies can determine whether someone has a genetic disease. Genetic screening, on the other hand, is a more general search for inherited problems, to see if any exist. Genes are inherited building blocks that determine a person's physical traits such as height or eye colour. A defect in a gene can cause inherited diseases. |
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foreign object in the eye |
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- Sometimes small objects get under the eyelid but do not penetrate the eyeball itself. These can cause irritation and discomfort in the eye and must be removed. |
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gastroenteritis |
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Gaucher disease |
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group B streptococcal septicemia of the newborn |
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Giant Naevus |
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- A giant naevus is a large, pigmented, mole-like birthmark. It covers an extremely large area of the body, often in the area covered by a pair of bathing trunks. It is often covered with hair. |
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giardiasis |
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- Giardiasis is a gastrointestinal infection marked by diarrhoea. It is caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia. |
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Gift Of Life: How A New Kidney Is Changing A Young Life |
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Gift Of Life: How A New Kidney Is Changing A Young Life - When the Muhammadiyah Association announced its support for a proposed law to allow Muslims to become automatic kidney pledgers, kidney patients waiting for a transplant have come... |
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glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency |
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group A streptococcal infections |
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- Group A streptococcal infections include strep throat, scarlet fever, and others. |
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hand, foot and mouth disease |
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- Hand, foot and mouth (HFM) disease is a viral infection with a characteristic rash. It usually occurs in young children. |
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heart and lung transplant |
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- A heart and lung transplant is a surgical procedure in which a person's poorly functioning heart and lungs are replaced with those a person who has died and donated their organs. |
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head lice and body lice |
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- Lice are small, grey, bugs. Head lice attach themselves to the hair shafts. Head lice causes itching and scratch marks on the scalp. Body lice actually live in the seams of clothing, not on the skin. The lice will leave the clothing to bite the infected person. The lice leave eggs, also called nits, attached to the hair shafts. |
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Heamophilia A |
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Heamophilia B |
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hearing impairment |
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- An impairment means there is a change in the way a certain body part works that is different from usual. The impairment may not even be noticeable or have any effect on how the person functions. Or the impairment may be obvious and may make it difficult or impossible for the person to do certain activities. A hearing impairment means there is a change in what a person hears. This can range from having difficulty hearing certain sounds to complete deafness, or loss of all hearing. |
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heart murmur |
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- A heart murmur is an extra, unexpected, or abnormal sound that is caused by the flow of blood through the heart. |
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heat emergencies |
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- A heat emergency occurs when the heat-regulating mechanism in the body is not working correctly. The results of this malfunctioning can include high fever, collapse, convulsions, coma, and even death. A heat emergency generally occurs when the body is exposed to very high temperatures. |
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hemiplegia |
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Hib vaccine |
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hiccups |
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Hirschsprung disease |
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hives |
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- Hives are red, itchy welts on the skin that come and go over the course of minutes or hours. All types of hives can cause itching. They usually form on the skin but sometimes hives form in the soft tissue of the mouth, eyes and throat. |
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hormonal effects in newborns |
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- Newborns are often born or experience a variety of normal conditions after birth. These conditions include acne, yellowing of the skin known as jaundice, darker pigmentation to the skin and temporary changes in the genitals or breasts. Many of these conditions exist because of the mother's hormones passed to the foetus just before birth or to the infant during breastfeeding. |
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human bites |
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- A human bite is a wound or tissue injury that results from one human biting another. |
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humidifiers and health |
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- Humidifiers are machines that put tiny droplets of water vapor into the air. |
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Hunter syndrome |
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- Hunter syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes a protein called mucopolysaccharide to build up in body tissues. This damages the tissues and leads to the symptoms. |
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hydrocephalus in children |
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- Hydrocephalus is a condition involving the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in and around the brain. |
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hydrocoele |
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- A hydrocoele is a collection of fluid around the testicle. |
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hypogonadism |
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- Hypogonadism is a condition in which the ovaries in women or the testes in men do not function properly. As a result, normal sexual development does not take place or is reversed. |
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hypospadias repair |
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- Hypospadias a condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis, rather than in its normal location at the tip of the penis. About half the time, the opening is within an inch of the penis tip. This is known as anterior hypospadias. However, the opening can fall anywhere along the shaft of the penis to below the base of the scrotum. This condition is present from birth. |
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hypothalamic tumour |
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- A hypothalamic tumour is a growth that develops inside or on top of the hypothalamus in the brain. |
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hypothermia |
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Immunisation - the facts |
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Immunisation - the facts - November 08, 2001 - Immunisation, an effective way of helping to prevent thousands of deaths each year from such diseases as polio, haemophilus influenza and whooping cough, has come under attack in recent years... |
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impetigo |
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- Impetigo(im-pa-tay-go) is a bacterial infection on the surface of the skin, characterised by honey coloured crusts and mild sores. |
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inborn errors of metabolism |
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identity testing |
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- Identity testing is a method used to determine biological relationships, including sisters, brothers, and grandparents. It is most often used to establish the identity of a person's biological father, a process known as paternity testing. |
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infectious myringitis |
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inguinal hernia |
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insect bites and stings |
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- An insect bite refers to a puncture wound in the skin caused by an insect when it stings or bites a human. |
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intussusception |
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- Intussusception is the telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another. It generally occurs in young children. |
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infant feeding |
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- Besides meeting an infant's nutritional needs, feeding is a time to nurture and bond with the baby. Whether breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, there are several issues for parents to consider. |
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irritability in children |
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- Irritability is a state of being overly sensitive to stimulation. Children who are irritable may, for example, cry easily. |
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itching |
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- Itching is an irritating sensation in the skin that makes a person want to scratch. |
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infant formulas |
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infants and dummies |
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- A dummy is an object that is shaped for a baby's mouth and is used for comforting a baby when there is a need for extra sucking. Some babies have a constant need for sucking on their fingers, thumb, or dummies, while others do not show a need for extra sucking. Extra sucking is usually a self-comforting behaviour. Sucking on a dummy can offer security and comfort to many babies. The need for extra sucking is a natural habit. Many babies sucked their thumb or fingers even before being born. While some caregivers rely on letting the infant suck on their thumb or fingers, others may offer a dummy to a baby. |
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Kawasaki disease |
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- Kawasaki disease is a poorly understood condition that affects young children. It causes a fever and severe inflammation in different areas of the body. |
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lactose intolerance |
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jaundice |
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loss of appetite |
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low-fat diet and children |
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malnutrition |
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- Malnutrition is an imbalance or deficiency of nutrients. This can come from not eating enough healthy foods or by using up too many nutrients through activities. Malnutrition can be identified by using body weight, body fat, protein stores and laboratory values. |
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mastoiditis |
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- Mastoiditis is an inflammation within the mastoid bone, which is the bone immediately behind the ear. Mastoiditis is usually caused by an infection. |
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measles |
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- Measles is a viral infection of the respiratory tract and the skin. It is one of the most contagious diseases known. Measles was once very common, but a vaccine has made it much more rare. |
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measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine |
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- Vaccines contain weakened or dead germs that cause certain diseases. To fight these germs, a person's immune system creates antibodies which help the body rid itself of the germs and prevent infection. Some of these antibodies will stay in the body for use at a later time if needed. Later in life, if a child or adult is exposed to these diseases, the antibodies multiply and fight them off. |
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meatal stenosis |
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- Meatal stenosis is a narrowing of the meatus, which restricts the flow of urine. The urethra is the narrow tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside. In males, the urethra ends at the tip of the penis. The opening to the outside is known as the meatus. The condition is seen mostly in young boys, but sometimes occurs in adult men. |
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meningitis in infants and children |
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- The meninges are the membranes that line the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of these areas. It is usually caused by infection. |
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Meningococcal - how real is the threat? |
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Meningococcal - how real is the threat? - January 22, 2002 - Meningococcal has rapidly become one of the most feared diseases in Australia over the past few years, largely due to a slight increase in the number of cases reported and... |
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meningococcal infections |
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- Meningococcal infections are caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. |
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meconium aspiration |
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- Before birth, a baby may breathe in amniotic fluid, which is the fluid surrounding the baby in the uterus, and meconium, a thick, sticky, greenish substance found in the foetal intestines. This is called meconium aspiration and it can lead to serious health problems. |
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mental retardation |
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Meningococcal Virus |
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Meningococcal Virus Overview |
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mouth ulcer |
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mumps |
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- Mumps is a viral infection that causes swelling of the parotid gland, a salivary gland below the angle of the lower jaw. Mumps can also affect other organs, especially in adults. |
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muscular dystrophy |
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- Muscular dystrophy describes a group of genetic muscle diseases that cause muscle weakness. |
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nausea |
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- Nausea is a feeling of queasiness in the stomach. It is usually associated with the feeling that one is going to throw up, or vomit. |
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neck injury |
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- A neck injury is any injury to the soft tissue, bony, or nerve structures of the neck. |
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noisy breathing in children |
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- Noisy breathing in children is a common condition, usually caused by a blockage in the air passages. |
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normal growth and development |
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- There are 4 stages of growth and development. These are infancy, pre-school, school age and adolescence. |
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nose emergencies |
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- Any event involving severe loss of blood through the nose or the fracturing of bones in the nose is considered a nose emergency. Nose emergencies can also occur when an object is lodged in the nose preventing the person from breathing. |
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neonatal conjunctivitis |
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- Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the membranes that line the eyelid or the eye. In some cases it is caused by allergies or infections. It can also be brought on by irritants or toxins. Sometimes, another type of illness in the body can cause the problem. When the condition occurs in babies under 4 weeks old, it is called neonatal conjunctivitis. |
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newborn jaundice |
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No Breast Milk For Babies At Home |
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Australia's breastfeeding rates have dropped once mothers leave hospital, with even fewer still at it a year later. Four in five women were breastfeeding their baby when they were discharged from hospital, but only one in five were still... |
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nosebleed |
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nutrition and travelling with children |
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- Travelling with children can be fun and exciting. It also can present challenges. Travelling can disrupt schedules, routines and familiar activities. Unfamiliar foods are also part of travel. |
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oral hygiene |
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otitis |
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oesophageal atresia |
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- Oesophageal atresia is a condition in which the oesophagus is not fully developed. It is a congenital condition, which means that it is present at birth. |
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids |
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids - 08 February 2000 -- Dr Ng Min Ching - General Practioner - The human body requires lipids (fats) in its daily functions. Most of these lipids are derived from or contain fatty acids. Fatty acids are either ingested... |
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patent ductus arteriosus |
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- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the failure of a duct, or passageway, between two specific blood vessels to close. The blood vessels involved are the pulmonary artery and the aorta, two of the largest arteries in the body. It is a congenital heart disease, or a defect present at birth. |
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pertussis |
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- The bacteria Bordetella pertussis causes pertussis, a respiratory illness characterised by severe episodes of cough. |
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pervasive developmental disorder |
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phenylketonuria |
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placental insufficiency |
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phosphorous |
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- Phosphorous is an essential mineral, and the second most abundant mineral in the body. Eighty percent of phosphorous is found in the bones and teeth. The other 20 percent works in body functions. It is found in every cell of the body. |
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physical abuse |
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- Physical abuse is forceful behaviour that can result in injury to another person. An abuser uses beatings to control the victim. The abuse rarely occurs just one time. Physical abuse may be accompanied by sexual and/or emotional abuse. |
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physical exam schedule |
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poliomyelitis |
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pinworm |
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pneumonia |
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- Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by many different micro-organisms, including viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. |
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pneumonia vaccine |
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polio immunisation |
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- A vaccine is an injection or oral solution given to protect a person against a life-threatening disease. There are two types of polio vaccines. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is delivered in an injection form. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is delivered through drops that are swallowed. The OPV is a live vaccine. and is the most common means of delivering the vaccine in Australia. |
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premature infant |
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pulmonary atresia |
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- Pulmonary atresia is a serious birth defect in the heart which causes congenital heart disease. |
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pyloric stenosis |
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pyloroplasty |
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- Pyloroplasty is a surgical procedure performed to widen the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. The opening between the stomach and small intestine is called the pylorus. The pylorus, or pyloric canal, is a short canal primarily made of muscle. The canal can become too narrow, in some conditions. When the canal becomes too narrow, food and liquids may not be able to pass. This can result in symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. |
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porphyria |
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- Porphyria is a condition that affects how haeme is made and broken down by the body. Haeme is the part of haemoglobin that carries oxygen to the cells of the body. |
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port wine stain |
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respiratory distress syndrome in newborns |
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potassium |
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- Potassium is one of the electrolyte minerals. It is important in maintaining the body's acid-base and fluid balance. Potassium works very closely with sodium and chloride, which are also electrolyte minerals. These three minerals are in all fluids of the body. Potassium is found in fluids within cells. The other two are found in fluids outside of cells. |
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Rh incompatibility |
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rash |
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recurring urinary tract infection |
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respite care |
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- Respite care is short-term, temporary care provided to people with severe disabilities, chronic illnesses, or terminal illnesses. It is designed to give families a break from the stress of daily caregiving. Respite care can be for a few hours, overnight, or for days. The amount of care can change with the needs of the family and/or the ill or disabled person. |
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Reye's syndrome |
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- Reye's syndrome is a rare disorder that occurs after a viral infection. It results in sudden and severe decline in brain and liver function. |
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rosacea |
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roseola |
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RSV infection |
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rubella |
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ruptured or perforated eardrum |
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- A perforated eardrum is an eardrum with a hole in it. |
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salmonella infections |
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scabies |
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- Scabies is a skin infestation caused by the scabies mite. It often causes intense itchiness. |
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scarlet fever |
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scrotal mass |
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- The term scrotal mass means that a distinct mass can be felt within the scrotum, as opposed to a general swelling of the scrotum. |
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seatbelts and infants |
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- Seatbelts and other forms of restraint for children in motor vehicles are important safety measures designed to reduce the chance of injury and death. |
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seborrheic dermatitis |
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seizure |
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- A seizure is the sudden, uncontrollable discharge of excessive electrical activity in the brain. |
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separation anxiety |
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- Separation anxiety in childhood is the anxiety that goes along with the fear of being separated from parents or parent figures. |
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shaken baby syndrome |
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- Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse and involves repeated shaking of a young baby that results in a head or neck injury. This movement causes the brain to slam against the skull. |
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skin lesions |
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spina bifida |
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- Spina bifida is a type of birth defect that causes abnormal formation of the spinal column. |
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sore throat |
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stillbirth |
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spitting up |
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spleen removal |
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- Spleen removal, or splenectomy, involves surgically removing the spleen from the body. The spleen produces red blood cells and white blood cells in the body. It also stores blood. The spleen also filters out bacteria and old red blood cells from the blood. It is located to the upper left side of the abdomen, just in front of the stomach. |
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sudden infant death syndrome |
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Tay-Sachs disease |
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staphylococcal scalded skin |
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strep throat |
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- Strep throat is an infection of the pharynx caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. The pharynx is the part of the throat between the tonsils and the larynx, or voice box. |
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stye |
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sutures |
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swollen glands |
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tetanus immunization |
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tetrology of Fallot |
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thalassemia |
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teething |
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- Teething is the time in infancy and early childhood when children get their primary teeth. |
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temperature |
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- Normal body temperature is often defined as 37 degrees Celsius (C). Whenever a person is ill or feels hot or cold to the touch, it is important to take their temperature. If a doctor is called during an illness, he or she will often ask for the temperature of the ill person. |
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testicular feminization |
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testicular torsion repair |
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tetanus |
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The Best Food For Your Baby |
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The Best Food For Your Baby - - Why Breast Milk? - Fear And Pain - Support For Breastfeeding - Emotional Rewards - If breastmilk is so good for babies, why do so many mothers find it tough going? Nikki MacFarlane of HealthAnswers explains... |
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thumb sucking |
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TORCH infections |
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- TORCH is an acronym for a special group of infections. These may be acquired by a woman during pregnancy. "TORCH" stands for the following infections: toxoplasma infection, also called toxoplasmosis other infections, such as hepatitis B, syphilis, and herpes zoster, the virus that causes chickenpox rubella, the virus that causes German measles cytomegalovirus, or CMV herpes simplex virus, the cause of genital herpesWhat is going on in the body? |
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TORCH screen |
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torticollis |
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toilet training |
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tonsillitis |
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tooth eruption |
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toothaches |
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toxoplasma test |
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toxoplasmosis |
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- Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, also known as T. gondii. |
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transposition of the great arteries |
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toxic megacolon |
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tricuspid regurgitation |
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undescended testicle |
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undescended testicle repair |
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upper respiratory infection |
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- The upper part of the respiratory system includes the ears, nose, sinuses, mouth, and throat. It also includes the main bronchi or windpipes, which are the air-carrying tubes in the chest. The upper respiratory system is the most commonly infected area in the body. |
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urine amino acids |
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VBAC |
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- VBAC is delivering a child vaginally after a previous delivery by caesarean section . |
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water in diet |
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- People can live for weeks without food. Without water, people will die within days. The human body is 50% to 70% water. |
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ventricular septal defect |
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ventriculoperitoneal shunt |
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- Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a surgical procedure in which a tube or catheter is inserted into the ventricles, or cavities, in the brain to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid into the abdomen. |
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vision changes |
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visual impairment |
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vomiting |
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wheezing |
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- Wheezing describes a form of difficult, noisy breathing. |
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wounds |
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- A wound is any injury resulting in the breaking of the skin. Wounds can be punctures, crush wounds or abrasions or cuts. Wounds can also be caused by burns or cold. |
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zinc in the diet |
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- Zinc is an essential trace mineral. It has many functions in the body. Also, it is a component of several enzymes. |
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