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Dehydration |
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Dehydration is defined as the lack of sufficient body fluids |
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alcohol |
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- Alcohol is a class of chemical compounds containing hydroxyl, or oxygen-hydrogen, groups. |
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gallbladder disease |
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- Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder. |
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pancreatitis |
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- Pancreatitis is an inflammation or an infection of the pancreas. It may be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis means that symptoms develop suddenly. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas. |
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Barrett's esophagus |
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- The oesophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Barrett's oesophagus is a condition that occurs when column-shaped cells replace the normally flat and scale like cells of the lower oesophagus. This change in the cells is probably caused by stomach acids splashing up into the oesophagus reflux over a long period of time. |
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dehydration |
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- Dehydration is the condition that results when too much body fluid is lost. |
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cancer of the liver |
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- Cancer of the liver occurs when cells in the liver undergo changes that make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably. This is called primary liver cancer. Cancer from other places in the body can also spread to the liver. Cancer that has spread to the liver is called liver metastasis. |
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cholera |
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- Cholera is an infection of the intestines caused by bacteria called Vibrio cholera. This infection results in large amounts of diarrhoea. |
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chemotherapy |
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colitis |
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- Colitis is a general term that refers to the inflammation of the bowel, or large intestine. |
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colorectal cancer |
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- Colo-rectal cancer affects the lining of the large intestine and rectum. |
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adenocarcinoma |
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- Adenocarcinoma is the name of a broad category of cancers. This type of cancer comes from cells that line organs such as the bowel, lung, and breast. |
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bilirubin |
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- This test measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced by the breakdown of haemoglobin, the oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells. Bilirubin is processed in the liver. If liver cells are damaged, it can escape into the bloodstream. |
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drug-induced hepatitis |
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- Hepatitis, or inflammation of the liver, can be caused by medications. |
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blood in the stools |
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- Blood in the stools means that blood from somewhere in the body is being excreted in the stool, or bowel movement. |
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radiation enteritis |
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- Radiation enteritis is a complication of radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis. Radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat certain diseases, especially cancers. In addition to killing cancer deep in the body, it damages the healthy tissue around it, like the bowels. The damage may occur at the time of treatment or take many years to develop. |
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botulism in adults and children |
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- Botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disorder. It is caused by a toxin, or poison, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It can result in paralysis, or the loss of sensation or muscle function, if left untreated. It can also cause breathing difficulty. |
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botulism in infants |
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- Botulism is a condition caused by a toxin made by bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. This toxin triggers sudden, progressive weakness and paralysis. Infant botulism is usually seen in babies younger than 6 months old. |
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bleeding oesophageal varices |
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- Oesophageal varices are unusually widened veins around the oesophagus. The oesophagus is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. These veins may sometimes bleed. |
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familial hypertriglyceridaemia |
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- Familial hypertriglyceridaemia is an inherited disorder that causes high triglycerides in the blood. |
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bowel obstruction |
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- Bowel obstruction describes a blockage in the bowels. |
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bruising |
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- Bruising is an area of discoloured skin. Bruising develops when the lining of small blood vessels is damaged, allowing blood cells to escape into the skin and tissues. This condition most often occurs after a person injures a particular part of the body. |
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hepatitis A |
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- Hepatitis A is an infection and inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is one of several types of hepatitis. |
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hepatitis B |
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- Hepatitis B is an infection and inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. It is one of several types of hepatitis. |
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hepatitis C |
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- Hepatitis C is an infection and inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus. It is one of several types of hepatitis. |
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hepatitis D |
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- Hepatitis D is an infection and inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis D virus. It is one of several types of hepatitis. The hepatitis D virus needs the hepatitis B virus to be present to cause an infection. These 2 viruses may be acquired at the same time. Also, a person may already have a chronic hepatitis B infection, then catch hepatitis D. |
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celiac disease |
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Coeliac disease is a malabsorption syndrome. The intestine is not able to absorb vital dietary nutrients from foods. Due to a sensitivity of foods containing gliadin, an alcohol-soluble portion of gluten. |
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celiac disease-nutrition |
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- Coeliac disease is a chronic digestive disorder that affects the small intestine. It can begin at any stage of life, from infancy through adulthood. The disease varies in severity from person to person. People with coeliac disease have an intolerance or a reaction to gliadin, which is a component of gluten. Gluten and gliadin are found in several common grains. |
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adenocarcinoma of the small intestine |
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- Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine is a form of cancer that occurs in the part of the intestine that begins at the stomach. It is a rare form of cancer. This type of cancer makes up only a very small proportion of cancers in the digestive system. |
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anorectal abscess |
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oesophageal perforation |
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- Oesophageal perforation is a hole in the wall of the oesophagus, which is the muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. |
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oesophagitis |
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- Oesophagitis is an inflammation of the lining of the oesophagus. The oesophagus is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. |
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Crohn's disease |
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- Crohn's disease causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is one form of a condition known as inflammatory bowel disease |
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ileostomy |
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- The ileum is the last part of the small intestine, or small bowel, which connects to the large bowel. Treatment for some bowel diseases requires interruption or removal of part or all of the bowel. If this is done, a new way for stool to leave the body must be created. When a surgeon creates an artificial opening in the bowel for stool to pass through, this is called an ostomy. If the opening is created in the ileum, the procedure is called an ileostomy. |
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bowel retraining |
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- Bowel retraining is a method in which a person relearns to have regular bowel movements. |
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colostomy |
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- A colostomy creates a connection between the bowel and the outside of the body. The contents of the bowel are allowed to drain into a bag. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent. |
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cystic fibrosis - nutritional considerations |
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- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease. CF occurs in 1 in 2500 births in Australia and is the most common genetic disease in Caucasian Australians. CF prevents the body from absorbing enough nutrients. This makes it difficult for people with CF to meet increased nutrient needs. As a result, people with CF may need to eat an enriched diet with more kilojoules and take extra vitamins and enzymes. |
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sigmoidoscopy |
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- The sigmoid is the last small stretch of colon, or large intestine, before the rectum. A sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that is done to examine this part of the bowel as well as the rectum and the anus. |
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pancreas transplant |
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- In pancreas transplantation, a healthy pancreas is removed from a organ donor who is brain dead and implanted into a person whose own pancreas has failed. The recipient's failed pancreas is not removed. Pancreas transplantation is used to treat diabetes. In just about all cases, the diabetes is the form that affects children and young adults, known as type I diabetes. It is a long-term condition in which the pancreas is no longer able to produce insulin. |
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diarrhea |
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- Diarrhoea is the passage of watery stools. |
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diarrhea in children |
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- Diarrhoea is a condition involving frequent loose, watery stools. |
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cancer prevention diet |
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- A healthy diet may help prevent some cancers. The ideal cancer prevention diet is low in fat and high in fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Staying physically active and limiting alcohol are also factors to consider. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Australia. One third of all cancer deaths in Australia may be related directly to how people eat. Eating is something that people can control. Cancer accounts for 28% of deaths in men and 24% in women. |
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diverticulitis |
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- Diverticulae are small, abnormal sacs in the wall of the intestine. These sacs can become infected and inflamed, a condition known as diverticulitis. |
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cirrhosis |
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- Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease which causes degeneration of liver cells and decreased function of the liver. |
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constipation |
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- Constipation is a condition in which a person's bowel movements become uncomfortable or less frequent than usual. Acute constipation begins suddenly and noticeably. Chronic constipation may begin slowly and last for months or years. |
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copper |
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- Copper is an essential trace mineral. It is needed by the body in very small amounts. Copper is found in all tissues of the body, but mostly in the brain, heart, kidney and liver. |
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aldolase |
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- This test measures the amount of the enzyme aldolase in the blood. Aldolase is involved in the breakdown of sugars to generate energy in cells. It is very concentrated in muscle tissue. The aldolase test can help detect muscle damage, since damaged muscles can release aldolase into the bloodstream. |
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albumin test |
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- This test measures the levels of albumin in the blood. Albumin is an important blood protein that is made by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. |
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colonoscopy |
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- In this procedure, a flexible fibre optic instrument called a colonoscope is inserted into the large intestine, or colon. The colonoscope permits the doctor to view the details of the inner surface of the colon. This helps detect any abnormal tissues or growths. The doctor can also sample or remove abnormal growths through the colonoscope. |
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lactose tolerance test |
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- This test determines if a person is lacking an intestinal enzyme called lactase. This test is no longer commonly used in Australia. |
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gastrostomy |
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- A gastrostomy is surgery to insert a tube through the abdomen into the stomach. This tube is most often used for feeding. It may also be used to keep the stomach empty. |
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percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram |
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- A percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram, or PTCA, is a special X-ray test used to look at the bile ducts. The bile ducts allow the liver and gallbladder to secrete digestive fluid into the intestines. The pancreatic duct can also be seen and evaluated for disease. |
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diet for liver disease |
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- A diet for liver disease provides the vitamins and minerals needed to stay healthy. It also limits nutrients that will cause further liver damage. |
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gastrointestinal bleeding |
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loss of appetite |
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abdominal distress |
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abdominal rigidity |
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food poisoning |
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- Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating foods contaminated with organisms that cause infections or toxins. |
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folacin |
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- Folacin is also known as folic acid and folate. It is a water-soluble vitamin. It is one of the eight members of the B complex. These include vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, biotin, and pantothenic acid |
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ferritin |
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- Ferritin is the iron storage protein found in the blood. This test measures the amount of available ferritin in the blood serum. Iron is important for red blood cell production. |
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giardiasis |
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- Giardiasis is a gastrointestinal infection marked by diarrhoea. It is caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia. |
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fruits and vegetables |
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fruits and vegetables - What food source is the nutrient found in? - Fruits and vegetables are good sources of many vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other plant chemicals. Eating fresh fruits and vegetables has many advantages. -... |
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hepatitis |
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- Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can affect how the liver works. |
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listeriosis |
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- Listeriosis (lis-ter-ee-oh-sis) is a bacterial infection that strikes humans and animals. |
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ascites |
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colorectal polyps |
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colostomy care |
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oesophageal cancer |
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oesophageal obstruction |
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liver biopsy |
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peptic ulcer disease |
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prothrombin time |
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- The prothrombin time (PT) test helps measure the ability of the blood to clot normally. It is very similar to the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test. These two tests are often ordered together. |
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short bowel syndrome |
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upper GI and small bowel series |
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intussusception |
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- Intussusception is the telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another. It generally occurs in young children. |
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itching |
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- Itching is an irritating sensation in the skin that makes a person want to scratch. |
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malnutrition |
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- Malnutrition is an imbalance or deficiency of nutrients. This can come from not eating enough healthy foods or by using up too many nutrients through activities. Malnutrition can be identified by using body weight, body fat, protein stores and laboratory values. |
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nausea |
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- Nausea is a feeling of queasiness in the stomach. It is usually associated with the feeling that one is going to throw up, or vomit. |
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nutrition and travelling with children |
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- Travelling with children can be fun and exciting. It also can present challenges. Travelling can disrupt schedules, routines and familiar activities. Unfamiliar foods are also part of travel. |
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gastroparesis |
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diarrhea caused by antibiotics |
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E. coli enteritis |
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oesophageal spasm |
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oesophageal stricture |
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gall bladder removal |
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gallstones |
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gastric suction |
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gastritis |
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gastroenteritis |
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lactose intolerance |
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liver transplant |
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peritonitis |
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pinworm |
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pyloric stenosis |
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rectal prolapse |
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roundworm infection |
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salmonella infections |
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stomach acid stimulation test |
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stomach pumping |
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stomach tube insertion |
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toilet training |
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toxic megacolon |
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ulcerative colitis |
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
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Chinese restaurant syndrome |
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- Chinese restaurant syndrome (CRS) occurs in some people after they eat foods containing the food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) - a common ingredient in Chinese food. |
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Reiter's syndrome |
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pelvic pain in males |
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salad and nutrients |
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- From a dietary standpoint, salads come in many forms. Just because it is called a salad does not mean that it is healthy and nutritious. It is possible to create a healthy meal from a salad bar. But it is also easy to make unhealthy choices and select many items high in kilojoules and fat. |
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pelvic pain in females |
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safe food handling |
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pyloroplasty |
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- Pyloroplasty is a surgical procedure performed to widen the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. The opening between the stomach and small intestine is called the pylorus. The pylorus, or pyloric canal, is a short canal primarily made of muscle. The canal can become too narrow, in some conditions. When the canal becomes too narrow, food and liquids may not be able to pass. This can result in symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. |
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vitamins |
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- Vitamins are nutrients required in small amounts to maintain life. Vitamins are called essential because they cannot be made by the human body. They must be obtained from foods or supplements. |
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potassium |
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- Potassium is one of the electrolyte minerals. It is important in maintaining the body's acid-base and fluid balance. Potassium works very closely with sodium and chloride, which are also electrolyte minerals. These three minerals are in all fluids of the body. Potassium is found in fluids within cells. The other two are found in fluids outside of cells. |
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stomach cancer |
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Wilson disease |
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amoebiasis |
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- Amoebiasis is an infection of the large intestines caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a single-celled parasite. |
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appendicitis |
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- Appendicitis is an infection of a small section of the bowel called the appendix. |
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autoimmune hepatitis |
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- Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by an autoimmune disorder. An autoimmune disorder is one in which a person's immune system attacks his or her own body for unknown reasons. |
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liver disease |
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- Liver disease is a term for a collection of conditions, diseases, and infections that affect the cells, tissues, structures, or functions of the liver. |
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temperature |
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- Normal body temperature is often defined as 37 degrees Celsius (C). Whenever a person is ill or feels hot or cold to the touch, it is important to take their temperature. If a doctor is called during an illness, he or she will often ask for the temperature of the ill person. |
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trichinosis |
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- Trichinosis is an infection caused by the worm, Trichinella spiralis, but does not occur in Australia. |
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appendicectomy |
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- An appendicectomy is surgery to remove the appendix, a small, finger-shaped pouch found at the junction of the small and large intestines. |
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total protein |
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TPN |
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- Hyperalimentation is a procedure in which nutrients and vitamins are given to a person in liquid form through a vein. It is only given to someone who cannot get nutrients from food. |
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tumour markers |
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- Tumour markers are chemical substances that are produced by some cancers. Most of these substances can be found in the bloodstream in small amounts even when cancer is not present. When cancers produce these substances, they are usually produced in very large amounts. The amount of the substances may increase far above a normal level as the disease worsens. |
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weight loss |
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- Weight loss is due to a person burning more kilojoules, or energy, than he or she takes in. |
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vomiting |
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proctoscopy |
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- An proctoscopy is a procedure in which a small tube is inserted into the anus to allow a doctor to see the details of the anus and anal canal. |
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