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abnormal grieving |
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- Abnormal grieving occurs when the normally painful emotional reaction is prolonged, delayed, or otherwise unresolved. It is considered abnormal for a person not to grieve at all after a major loss. Grief is also considered abnormal when it is accompanied by thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms like a loss of contact with reality. |
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abortion, septic |
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- A septic abortion occurs when an infection develops inside a pregnant woman's uterus. If not treated, it can spread well beyond the uterus and even to the bloodstream. |
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amniocentesis |
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- This test, performed upon a sample of the fluid surrounding the foetus in the uterus (the "amniotic fluid"), is designed to detect a number of disorders of the foetus. |
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abuse during pregnancy |
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- Abuse during pregnancy is the mistreatment, battering, or abuse of a pregnant woman. The term includes physical, sexual, and emotional violence. Abuse affects women of all ages and from all social and economic backgrounds. |
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APGAR |
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- The APGAR score is a quick test performed on the infant immediately after delivery at 1, 5 and sometimes 10 minutes after birth to determine the physical condition of the newborn. |
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chlamydia |
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- Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease, or STD, caused by the organism Chlamydia trachomatis. Sexually transmitted disease refers to any contagious disease transmitted from one person to another during sexual contact. |
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eclampsia |
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- During pregnancy, sudden high blood pressure, swelling of the face and hands and protein in the urine signal a condition called pre-eclampsia. It becomes eclampsia if seizures unrelated to an existing seizure disorder occur. |
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ectopic pregnancy |
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- An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilised egg implants outside of the uterus. The most common site is within a fallopian tube. More rarely an embryo may implant within an ovary, in the cervix, or on the abdominal wall. |
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brachial palsy in the newborn |
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- Brachial palsy is a condition in an infant in which the arm is partly or completely paralysed. |
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caffeine in the diet |
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- Caffeine occurs naturally in foods and beverages. It is known to be a potent stimulant of the central nervous system (CNS). |
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cerebral palsy |
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- Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive condition due to an injury to the brain before it is fully mature. This injury causes long-term problems with movement and often other difficulties as well. |
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chromosome analysis |
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- Chromosome analysis involves looking at cells under a microscope to see if the chromosomes are normal. |
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rectocele |
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- Rectocele is a condition in which part of the rectum protrudes or bulges into the back wall of the vagina. |
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childbirth, emergency delivery |
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blood pressure test |
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- This test measures the force that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the arteries. |
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Coombs' test, direct |
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- The direct Coombs' test detects antibodies, which are proteins that react against other molecules, on the surface of an individual's red blood cells. |
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choriocarcinoma |
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- Choriocarcinoma is a rare form of cancer in tissue in the reproductive system. This type of cancer usually affects women, but also includes a very rare type of testicular cancer in men. |
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chorionic villus sampling |
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- Chorionic villus sampling, or CVS, is a procedure in which a small piece of tissue is taken from the chorionic villi early in pregnancy. The chorionic villi are lacy fibrils that attach the sac holding the foetus to the uterine wall. These fibrils have the same genetic and biochemical makeup as the foetus. |
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DES exposure in utero |
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- From the 1940s to the 1970s, diethylstilbestrol (DES) was used in some pregnant women to prevent miscarriage. Many sons and daughters of women who used DES have developed abnormalities of the reproductive organs. |
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DNA testing |
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- DNA testing is a type of genetic test that looks for changes in the DNA molecule. The changes, called mutations, may be associated with genetic diseases. Diseases such as the inborn errors of metabolism are diagnosed this way. The changes may also be variations in the DNA molecule that occur between the genes. These changes don't cause disease, and are sometimes called innocent changes. Identifying them can be useful for such things as paternity testing. |
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ELISA |
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- ELISA is test that is usually done on a sample of blood. This test may be used for various purposes. The test detects the presence of either antigens or antibodies in the blood. An antigen is a protein found in a substance in the body, such as a bacteria or piece of a protein. An antibody is a protein formed by the body in response to an antigen. Specific antigens "stick" to the specific antibodies that are created in response to them. Not all proteins in the body cause antibodies to be made. The proteins that do are possible candidates for an ELISA test. |
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first trimester of pregnancy |
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miscarriage |
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genetic screening |
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- Genetic screening is the process of looking for indications of a genetic disease. A genetic disease is a condition that is passed down from a parent to his or her offspring. Genetic screening is usually done before any signs of disease are present. The procedure is undertaken for several reasons. It may be done to determine if someone will develop a genetic disease. Examples of common genetic disorders are: Turner syndrome Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Tourette syndrome coeliac disease Wilson disease Huntington disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy Tay-Sachs disease haemachromatosis cystic fibrosis thallasaemiaGenetic screening is sometimes done to determine if a person can pass on a genetic disease, even if he or she is not at risk for developing the actual condition. It also may be done as part of a study of the whole population. |
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genetic testing |
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- Through genetic testing, doctors look for the known cause of a specific disease in someone who already has the symptoms. Laboratory studies can determine whether someone has a genetic disease. Genetic screening, on the other hand, is a more general search for inherited problems, to see if any exist. Genes are inherited building blocks that determine a person's physical traits such as height or eye colour. A defect in a gene can cause inherited diseases. |
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dilatation and curettage |
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folacin |
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- Folacin is also known as folic acid and folate. It is a water-soluble vitamin. It is one of the eight members of the B complex. These include vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, biotin, and pantothenic acid |
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epidural anesthesia |
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listeriosis |
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- Listeriosis (lis-ter-ee-oh-sis) is a bacterial infection that strikes humans and animals. |
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haemoglobin |
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- Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells. It carries oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body, and carries carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. A haemoglobin test measures the level of this protein in a sample of blood. |
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endometrial biopsy |
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laparoscopy in the female |
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molar pregnancy |
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hormonal effects in newborns |
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- Newborns are often born or experience a variety of normal conditions after birth. These conditions include acne, yellowing of the skin known as jaundice, darker pigmentation to the skin and temporary changes in the genitals or breasts. Many of these conditions exist because of the mother's hormones passed to the foetus just before birth or to the infant during breastfeeding. |
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hydrocephalus in children |
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- Hydrocephalus is a condition involving the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in and around the brain. |
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identity testing |
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- Identity testing is a method used to determine biological relationships, including sisters, brothers, and grandparents. It is most often used to establish the identity of a person's biological father, a process known as paternity testing. |
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gestational diabetes |
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meconium aspiration |
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- Before birth, a baby may breathe in amniotic fluid, which is the fluid surrounding the baby in the uterus, and meconium, a thick, sticky, greenish substance found in the foetal intestines. This is called meconium aspiration and it can lead to serious health problems. |
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nausea |
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- Nausea is a feeling of queasiness in the stomach. It is usually associated with the feeling that one is going to throw up, or vomit. |
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fetal heart monitoring |
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preeclampsia |
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- Preeclampsia is high blood pressure condition that develops during pregnancy. There is also swelling of the body and protein in the urine. The condition usually occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. Preeclampsia can develop into eclampsia(seizures). |
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Rh incompatibility |
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respiratory distress syndrome in newborns |
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incomplete miscarriage |
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morning sickness |
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urine pregnancy test |
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rubella |
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blighted ovum |
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c-section |
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false labor |
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intrauterine growth retardation |
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melasma |
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placental insufficiency |
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incompetent cervix |
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pica |
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- Pica is an eating disorder in which a person repeatedly eats non-food items. |
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teenage pregnancy |
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premature infant |
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placenta abruptio |
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pregnancy |
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pregnancy risk factors |
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pregnancy ultrasound |
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second trimester of pregnancy |
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serum pregnancy test |
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stillbirth |
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third trimester of pregnancy |
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TORCH screen |
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varicose veins |
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- Normally, tiny one-way valves inside each vein keep blood from flowing backward. When valves are damaged or do not work properly, a vein may start to bulge and twist. This is called a varicose vein. |
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vaginal bleeding in pregnancy |
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thromboembolism |
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hyperemesis gravidarum |
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- This condition is characterised by severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It can result in serious dehydration, or low fluid levels in the body, and the disturbance of electrolyte, or mineral, levels in the blood. |
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hypoglycaemia |
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- Hypoglycaemia is the condition that occurs when blood sugar, or glucose, levels drop below normal. |
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transposition of the great arteries |
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myocarditis |
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- Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle from any cause. |
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placenta praevia |
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- When the placenta implants over or near the inner opening of the cervix, the condition is called placenta praevia. The cervix is the opening of the uterus. As the cervix dilates during labour, the abnormal location of the placenta may cause heavy vaginal bleeding and keep the baby from travelling through the birth canal. |
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urine protein |
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premature labour |
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- In most pregnancies, labour starts at about 40 weeks. Labour that starts before the end of the 37th week is considered preterm. Preterm labour can lead to preterm birth. Every year over 6% of pregnancies in Australia end in preterm birth. It is also the single largest cause of death and illness for newborn babies. |
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ventricular septal defect |
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spider angioma |
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- A spider angioma is a collection of tiny dilated blood vessels. The vessels usually radiate out from a central point and resemble the legs of a spider. |
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TORCH infections |
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- TORCH is an acronym for a special group of infections. These may be acquired by a woman during pregnancy. "TORCH" stands for the following infections: toxoplasma infection, also called toxoplasmosis other infections, such as hepatitis B, syphilis, and herpes zoster, the virus that causes chickenpox rubella, the virus that causes German measles cytomegalovirus, or CMV herpes simplex virus, the cause of genital herpesWhat is going on in the body? |
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toxoplasma test |
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toxoplasmosis |
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- Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, also known as T. gondii. |
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VBAC |
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- VBAC is delivering a child vaginally after a previous delivery by caesarean section . |
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antibody titre |
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- This test detects and measures the amount of antibodies in the blood. Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system. These antibodies are made to attack a real or imagined threat. For example, antibodies may be made in some cases to attack bacteria causing an infection. In other cases, however, antibodies may be made to attack a person's own body. |
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