Definition A person with a delusional disorder has beliefs or perceptions that he or she thinks are true, even if they are illogical or wrong. These beliefs or perceptions often last for at least one month.
There are six types of delusions:
erotomanic type. A person with this type of delusion believes that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with him or her. This other person may be a boss or co-worker, a celebrity, or a stranger.
grandiose type. A person with this type of delusion believes that he or she is much more important, powerful, wealthy, or talented than he or she really is.
jealous type. A person with this type of delusion believes that his or her partner has been unfaithful.
persecutory type. A person with this type of delusion believes that he or she is being plotted against, spied on, or harassed by unknown enemies.
somatic type. A person with this type of delusion believes he or she is ill or has other types of health problems.
mixed type. A person with this type of delusion suffers from one or more of the delusions listed above.
What is going on in the body? This disorder usually begins when a person is between the ages of 40 and 55, but may occur at a younger age. It affects less than 1% of the population. It occurs equally in men and women.
What are the signs and symptoms of the condition? The specific cluster of symptoms varies according to the focus of the abnormal belief. The abnormal belief may be rational in other circumstances. In most situations the sufferer may seem to lead a normal existence outside the scope of abnormal belief.
Symptoms of this disorder may include:
feeling taken advantage of
doubting the loyalty of friends
finding hidden meaning into events or remarks
holding grudges for a long time
having trouble with social and marital relationships
feeling alone
being irritable
What are the causes and risks of the condition? This disorder may be caused by:
What can be done to prevent the condition? There is no known way to prevent this condition.
How is the condition diagnosed? A doctor will take a complete health history and do a physical examination. Blood tests are usually done to rule out other health problems that could be causing the delusions.
What are the long-term effects of the condition? This disorder usually lasts for many years. It may interfere with social and marital relationships. It usually doesn't impair mental functioning or the way a person functions at work.
What are the risks to others? There are no risks to others as this disorder is not contagious.
What are the treatments for the condition? The long-term goal of treatment is to correct the behaviour and mood disturbances that result from the delusions. To do this, a good doctor-patient relationship is helpful. If the person is dangerous to himself or others, he or she may need to be hospitalised.
Medication may be prescribed. Antipsychotic medications reduce any hallucinations, and reduce anxiety and agitation. Anti-depressant medications may be used to control other symptoms.
What are the side effects of the treatments? Side effects to medications may include drowsiness, dizziness, excessive salivation, and increased heart rate.
What happens after treatment for the condition? Delusional disorder usually does not lead to severe impairment or changes in personality. Most people do well and are able to remain employed.
How is the condition monitored? The person is asked to monitor his or her symptoms and report them to his or her doctor. Regular checkups are needed because medications may need to be adjusted.
Author: Reviewer: eknowhow Medical Review Panel Editor: Dr John Hearne Last Updated: 19/06/2005 Contributors Potential conflict of interest information for reviewers available on request
