Definition Bug repellent safety refers to the proper use of chemicals applied to the skin or clothing to ward off insects. Used incorrectly, these substances can sometimes cause serious side effects.
What is the information for this topic? There are many products on the market that keep away insects. The most effective of these contain the chemical diethyltoluamide, better known as DEET. DEET has been used for over 40 years. It is very effective against bites by:
mosquitoes
fleas
ticks
chiggers
biting flies
Neither DEET nor other repellents are able to deter stinging insects such as bees, hornets, and wasps.
DEET is available in the US in strengths ranging from 5% concentration to 100%. It comes in a variety of forms, including:
lotions
sprays
creams
gels
For the most part, DEET has a very safe record. An estimated 200,000,000 people around the world use it every year without reported problems. But the chemical is absorbed through the skin, and can cause a toxic reaction in high doses. There have been a few cases of neurologic problems in young children from high doses of DEET. For this reason:
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends children not use bug repellents containing more than 10% DEET.
For most purposes, adults using insect repellent should choose concentrations of 30% or less.
The amount of DEET can vary from one product to the next, so it is important to read the label before choosing a bug repellent.
People should also be aware that:
using DEET at the same time as a sunscreen can reduce the sunscreen's effectiveness
DEET can damage plastics, synthetic fabrics, leather, and painted surfaces so it should be applied carefully
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offers these guidelines for the safe use of all types of insect repellents:
Apply to exposed skin or clothing as the package directs. Do not apply repellent under clothing.
Do not apply to cuts, wounds or broken skin.
Keep out of the eyes and mouth. Use only sparingly around the ears. When applying repellent to the face, spray it first into the hands, then rub onto the face.
Do not let children handle the repellent or get it on their hands. Adults should apply it to children.
Do not spray in enclosed areas.
Use just enough to cover exposed skin. Avoid heavy application.
Wash with soap and water after returning indoors. This is especially important if insect repellent is used day after day. Wash clothes that have been treated as well.
Stop use and call the poison control center if a reaction is suspected.
Author: Stephanie Slon, BA Reviewer: Eileen McLaughlin, RN, BSN Last Updated: 02/12/01 Contributors Potential conflict of interest information for reviewers available on request
