Alternative Names supraspinatus tendinitis, shoulder impingement syndrome
Definition Rotator cuff tendinitis is an inflammation of the tendons of the shoulder. A tendon is a fibrous band that connects muscles to bones.
The muscles of the rotator cuff connect the humerus, or upper bone of the arm, to the shoulder. At the end of each muscle is a tendon that attaches the muscle to the bone. The four muscles of the rotator cuff are able to move bones by pulling on these tendons. These muscles and tendons allow movement and rotation of the arm and shoulder. Since these tendons are in frequent motion they are susceptible to injury, pain, and inflammation.
What are the signs and symptoms of the injury? Symptoms of rotator cuff tendinitis include:
shoulder pain, especially with movement and at night
A person involved in sports before the injury may find a decrease in the normal range of motion in the shoulder. Chronic pain or soreness in the shoulder may occur. Rupture of the tendon is also possible.
What can be done to prevent the injury? Prevention of rotator cuff tendinitis is related to the cause. For example, avoiding stress and overexertion can prevent many cases of rotator tendinitis. Sports safety guidelines for children, adolescents, and adults can be helpful in avoiding injuries. Many causes cannot be prevented.
How is the injury recognised? The doctor will want to know when the pain occurs, and if anything helps the pain. Based on the medical history and physical examination, the doctor may order a number of tests, such as:
arthrogram or an arthroscopy, in which a small fibre optic tube is inserted into the shoulder to allow the doctor to see inside the joint
blood tests, including a full blood count or FBC, to check for infection and other abnormalities
biopsy of any fluid near the rotator cuff
What are the treatments for the injury? Minor pain or injury involving the rotator cuff may require RICE therapy:
rest or reduced activity
ice or cold packs applied to the shoulder
compression of the shoulder, such as with ace bandages
elevation
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen, may be used to reduce inflammation and discomfort. In some cases, a corticosteroid, such as celestone chronodose, may be injected into the shoulder. Physiotherapy helps to increase the strength of the tendons and muscles. Ultrasound may be used to warm the muscles and improve blood flow. If conservative treatment is not successful, surgery may be needed. Surgery called rotator cuff repair is done to relieve tendons that are being pinched by the shoulder blade.
What are the side effects of the treatments? NSAIDs can cause stomach upset, ulcers, and bleeding, or allergic reactions. NSAIDs may also affect the liver and kidneys. Surgery poses a risk of bleeding, infection, and allergic reaction to anaesthesia.
What happens after treatment for the injury? In some individuals with rotator cuff tendinitis, no further treatment is needed for minor pain and inflammation. For more serious disease or injury, treatment may continue. After surgery, the person may need to take it easy for several days to several weeks. Follow-up care may be needed. Physiotherapy and daily strengthening exercises may be recommended.
Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the doctor.
Author: Eileen McLaughlin, RN, BSN Reviewer: eknowhow Medical Review Panel Editor: Dr John Hearne Last Updated: 16/10/2004 Contributors Potential conflict of interest information for reviewers available on request
