Alternative Names upper gastrointestinal and small bowel series, barium swallow, small bowel follow through
Definition An upper GI and small bowel series is a special x-ray test. It allows the doctor to see the upper part of the digestive tract. This area includes the oesophagus, the stomach and the small intestines.
Who is a candidate for the test? This test may be ordered to investigate many different problems. These include:
difficulty swallowing
indigestion
heartburn
gas
bloating
food intolerance
vomiting
bleeding in the stomach or the bowels
diarrhoea
abdominal pain
This test may also be used after surgery has been performed on the upper digestive tract.
How is the test performed? The person is asked to undress and put on a hospital gown. The technologist will then take a regular x-ray of the abdomen. Next, the individual drinks a large glass of a chalky liquid called barium. The barium coats internal structures and makes them show up on the x-ray film. Sometimes the person is also asked to swallow a carbonated powder to produce gas in the stomach. This helps provide contrast to the barium and makes visualisation easier.
As the barium flows through the digestive tract, multiple x-rays are taken with the person in different positions. This is so the entire gut can be seen from all sides. During the test, the person taking the x-rays may press on the individual's stomach with a lead glove or paddle. X-rays are usually done every 15 or 30 minutes to follow the dye as it moves through the digestive tract. When the barium reaches the large bowel, the test is finished.
What is involved in preparation for the test? The individual is asked to refrain from drinking or eating for 8 hours before the test. This test is not suitable for pregnant women. If there is any concern over possible pregnancy, a pregnancy test should be done before the test. During the process, people must remove all jewellery and metal objects since these may interfere with the x-ray pictures. The doctor will tell the individual if any other preparations are required.
What do the test results mean? The x-rays may show several different abnormalities. These can include:
ulcers
tumours
abnormal swallowing
cancer
The test can also detect other conditions such as gastro-oesophageal reflux. This is a disorder in which the stomach contents flow back up into the oesophagus.
Author: James Compton, MD Reviewer: eknowhow Australia Medical Review Panel Editor: Dr John Hearne
Last Updated: 26/05/2005 Contributors Potential conflict of interest information for reviewers available on request
