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acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |
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- Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) is cancer of the lymph cells, a type of white blood cell. While ALL is known as the childhood form of leukaemia, 20% of the people who develop the disease are adults. |
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acute otitis media |
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adenoid removal |
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- This procedure involves surgically removing the adenoid glands from the nasopharynx, which is the area between the nasal airway and back of the throat. It is usually performed with a tonsillectomy, or surgical removal of the tonsils. |
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adenoidal hypertrophy |
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allergic conjunctivitis |
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- Allergic conjunctivitis is swelling and redness of the membrane that lines the eye. It is caused by exposure to foreign matter. The affected part of the eye is called the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the mucous membrane layer that covers the white part of the eye. |
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allergic reactions |
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allergies |
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- An allergy is an immune response by the body to certain stimuli in the environment that are normally harmless. |
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anal discomfort |
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- The anus is the lowest part of the digestive tract, the opening from which stool is passed out of the body. Anal discomfort includes pain, itching, or burning. |
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anal fissure |
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- An anal fissure is a tear in the internal lining of the anus. This area is called the anal mucosa. This break in the anal lining often re-opens during bowel movements. The result is bright red blood and intense pain. |
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asthma |
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- Asthma is a common lung disease. In a person with asthma, the airways narrow as a result of inflammation within the airway wall, when exposed to different factors, or triggers. As such, individuals with asthma develop symptoms of widespread and variable airflow obstruction. These events can often reverse spontaneously or with appropriate medication. |
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asymptomatic bacteriuria |
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- Asymptomatic bacteruiria is the presence of bacteria in the urine, without any symptoms. |
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aural polyps |
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- Aural polyps are non-cancerous, fleshy growths in the outer ear canal or on the eardrum. |
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bacterial meningitis |
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- Bacterial (back-tier-ee-al) meningitis (men-in-jie-tis) is an infection of the membranes that cover the brain. |
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benign ear growth |
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blepharitis |
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- Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelid. It develops at the place where the mucous membrane on the underside of the lid joins the skin on the top of the lid. It occurs in both children and adults. The condition can be chronic and recur. |
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blood in the stools |
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- Blood in the stools means that blood from somewhere in the body is being excreted in the stool, or bowel movement. |
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blood in the urine |
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- Blood in the urine can be visible, or it may only be noticed when the urine is tested. |
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botulism in adults and children |
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- Botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disorder. It is caused by a toxin, or poison, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It can result in paralysis, or the loss of sensation or muscle function, if left untreated. It can also cause breathing difficulty. |
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botulism in infants |
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- Botulism is a condition caused by a toxin made by bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. This toxin triggers sudden, progressive weakness and paralysis. Infant botulism is usually seen in babies younger than 6 months old. |
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bronchiolitis |
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- Bronchiolitis is an inflammation in the bronchioles, or small airways in the lungs. It is characterised by wheezing. It usually affects children under 2 years of age. |
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celiac disease |
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Coeliac disease is a malabsorption syndrome. The intestine is not able to absorb vital dietary nutrients from foods. Due to a sensitivity of foods containing gliadin, an alcohol-soluble portion of gluten. |
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celiac disease-nutrition |
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- Coeliac disease is a chronic digestive disorder that affects the small intestine. It can begin at any stage of life, from infancy through adulthood. The disease varies in severity from person to person. People with coeliac disease have an intolerance or a reaction to gliadin, which is a component of gluten. Gluten and gliadin are found in several common grains. |
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cellulitis |
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- Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and the layer under the skin. |
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chickenpox |
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- Chicken pox is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is characterised by a blistery rash. |
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chickenpox vaccine |
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- The chickenpox vaccine is given to prevent chickenpox in children and adults. Vaccines contain weakened or dead germs that cause certain diseases. To fight these germs, the body's immune system creates antibodies. Antibodies are cells that attack foreign substances in the body. A vaccine causes the body to makes antibodies to the weakened germs in the vaccine. Some of these antibodies will stay in the body for long periods of time. How long they remain depends on which vaccine a person gets. If the person is later exposed to the disease, the antibodies multiply to fight it off. |
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choking in the conscious child |
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- Choking in a conscious child may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. |
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choking in the unconscious child |
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- Choking in an unconscious child may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. A child for the purposes of this article is 1 to 8 years old. |
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chronic otitis externa |
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- Chronic otitis externa is a persistent inflammation of the ear canal. |
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chronic otitis media |
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- Chronic otitis media is a term to describe persistent or chronic middle ear inflammation. This may be due to persistent fluid behind the eardrum from repeated middle ear infections. |
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chronic sinusitis |
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colds |
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- A cold is a viral infection that affects the upper airway including the nose, pharynx, throat, airways, and lungs. |
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congestive heart failure in children |
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conjunctivitis |
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contact dermatitis |
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corneal injury |
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- The cornea (corn-ee-ah) is the clear window on the front of the eye that covers the coloured iris and pupil. Injury to the cornea causes hazy vision and scarring. It can also cause a loss of vision. |
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corneal ulcers and infections |
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- The cornea is the clear window on the front of the eye that covers the coloured iris and pupil. There are different types of corneal ulcers. The ulcers may be cause by bacteria, a virus or fungus. The corneal tissue breaks down starting at the surface. Poor healing can cause an ulcer to form. |
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creeping eruption |
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- Creeping eruption is a hookworm infection of the skin. The skin is invaded by the larvae of the dog or cat hookworm. This causes a thread-like line of inflammation that moves in a "creeping" form over time. |
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croup |
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crying in childhood |
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- Children may cry for many reasons ranging from serious health problems to being hungry. |
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cystic fibrosis |
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cystic fibrosis - nutritional considerations |
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- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease. CF occurs in 1 in 2500 births in Australia and is the most common genetic disease in Caucasian Australians. CF prevents the body from absorbing enough nutrients. This makes it difficult for people with CF to meet increased nutrient needs. As a result, people with CF may need to eat an enriched diet with more kilojoules and take extra vitamins and enzymes. |
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cytomegalovirus |
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day care health risks |
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day care health risks - What is the information for this topic? - Many young children spend a good portion of their lives in daycare. There are many benefits to day care. It can provide enriching educational and social experiences for the... |
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diarrhea |
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- Diarrhoea is the passage of watery stools. |
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diarrhea caused by antibiotics |
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diarrhea in children |
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- Diarrhoea is a condition involving frequent loose, watery stools. |
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dislocated elbow in children |
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- A dislocated elbow occurs when the head of the radial bone, one of the two bones of the lower arm, is moved out of place at the elbow. The dislocation results in pain and decreased movement of the elbow joint. It occurs most often in children younger than 5 years old. |
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DPT immunization |
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
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- Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder of the muscles. It causes the muscles to degenerate and lose their function. |
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dyshidrotic eczema |
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E. coli enteritis |
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ear pain |
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- Ear pain is any pain that occurs in any part of the inner, middle, or outer ear. This pain can be by itself or associated with other symptoms. |
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ear tube insertion |
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- Ear tube insertion is a surgical procedure used to drain fluid from the middle ear. In this procedure, a small cut is made in the eardrum. Next, special tubes, called Grommets, are placed in the ear to allow fluid to drain from the middle ear. These tubes also allow air to circulate through the area behind the middle ear. |
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eczema |
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encephalitis |
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- Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. It usually follows or results from an infection. |
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enema |
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- An enema is a way of cleaning out the bowel or large intestine. Various solutions are inserted into the rectum to soften the faeces. This causes the bowel and rectum to stretch and expand, and helps the bowel to empty. |
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enuresis |
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epiglottitis |
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epilepsy |
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ethmoiditis |
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eustachian tube patency |
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- Eustachian tube patency describes a condition in which the eustachian tube is continually open. The eustachian tube is a structure in the ear that runs from behind the eardrum to the back part of the nasal cavity. |
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exercise and children |
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- Children in Australia get significantly less physical exercise than in past decades. This lack of activity has led to increased rates of obesity and generally lower levels of fitness among children. |
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eye muscle repair |
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- Eye muscle surgery is done to correct the position of the eyes. The goal is to make the eyes appear straight rather than turned inward, to the side, up or down. |
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failure to thrive |
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febrile seizures |
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fever |
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fever and children |
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- Fever is defined as a higher than normal body temperature. Normal temperature is 37 degrees Celsius (c). |
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fever blisters |
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fifth disease |
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flu |
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- Influenza, more commonly known as the flu, is a viral illness that affects the respiratory tract. |
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flu vaccine |
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food poisoning |
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- Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating foods contaminated with organisms that cause infections or toxins. |
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foreign body in the nose |
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- The nose can become blocked accidentally by a substance not normally found there. Such an object or material is called a foreign body. |
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gastroenteritis |
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giardiasis |
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- Giardiasis is a gastrointestinal infection marked by diarrhoea. It is caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia. |
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glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency |
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group A streptococcal infections |
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- Group A streptococcal infections include strep throat, scarlet fever, and others. |
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hand, foot and mouth disease |
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- Hand, foot and mouth (HFM) disease is a viral infection with a characteristic rash. It usually occurs in young children. |
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head lice and body lice |
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- Lice are small, grey, bugs. Head lice attach themselves to the hair shafts. Head lice causes itching and scratch marks on the scalp. Body lice actually live in the seams of clothing, not on the skin. The lice will leave the clothing to bite the infected person. The lice leave eggs, also called nits, attached to the hair shafts. |
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Heamophilia A |
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Heamophilia B |
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hearing impairment |
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- An impairment means there is a change in the way a certain body part works that is different from usual. The impairment may not even be noticeable or have any effect on how the person functions. Or the impairment may be obvious and may make it difficult or impossible for the person to do certain activities. A hearing impairment means there is a change in what a person hears. This can range from having difficulty hearing certain sounds to complete deafness, or loss of all hearing. |
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hemiplegia |
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hepatitis |
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- Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can affect how the liver works. |
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Hib vaccine |
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hives |
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- Hives are red, itchy welts on the skin that come and go over the course of minutes or hours. All types of hives can cause itching. They usually form on the skin but sometimes hives form in the soft tissue of the mouth, eyes and throat. |
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hydrocoele repair |
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- A hydrocoele repair is a surgical procedure performed to remove a fluid-filled mass in the scrotum, called a hydrocoele. |
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hypospadias repair |
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- Hypospadias a condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis, rather than in its normal location at the tip of the penis. About half the time, the opening is within an inch of the penis tip. This is known as anterior hypospadias. However, the opening can fall anywhere along the shaft of the penis to below the base of the scrotum. This condition is present from birth. |
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hypothalamic tumour |
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- A hypothalamic tumour is a growth that develops inside or on top of the hypothalamus in the brain. |
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Immunisation - the facts |
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Immunisation - the facts - November 08, 2001 - Immunisation, an effective way of helping to prevent thousands of deaths each year from such diseases as polio, haemophilus influenza and whooping cough, has come under attack in recent years... |
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impetigo |
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- Impetigo(im-pa-tay-go) is a bacterial infection on the surface of the skin, characterised by honey coloured crusts and mild sores. |
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infectious myringitis |
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inguinal hernia |
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intussusception |
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- Intussusception is the telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another. It generally occurs in young children. |
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irritability in children |
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- Irritability is a state of being overly sensitive to stimulation. Children who are irritable may, for example, cry easily. |
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Kawasaki disease |
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- Kawasaki disease is a poorly understood condition that affects young children. It causes a fever and severe inflammation in different areas of the body. |
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laryngitis |
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lead poisoning |
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- Lead is a metal found in the environment. If a person is exposed to large amounts of lead, poisoning may occur. |
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mastoidectomy |
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- A mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the mastoid bone, which is the bone directly behind the ear. |
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mastoiditis |
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- Mastoiditis is an inflammation within the mastoid bone, which is the bone immediately behind the ear. Mastoiditis is usually caused by an infection. |
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measles |
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- Measles is a viral infection of the respiratory tract and the skin. It is one of the most contagious diseases known. Measles was once very common, but a vaccine has made it much more rare. |
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measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine |
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- Vaccines contain weakened or dead germs that cause certain diseases. To fight these germs, a person's immune system creates antibodies which help the body rid itself of the germs and prevent infection. Some of these antibodies will stay in the body for use at a later time if needed. Later in life, if a child or adult is exposed to these diseases, the antibodies multiply and fight them off. |
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medullary cystic disease |
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- Medullary cystic disease (MCD) is an inherited condition that affects the kidneys. In this condition, multiple small fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, form inside the kidneys. |
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meningitis in infants and children |
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- The meninges are the membranes that line the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of these areas. It is usually caused by infection. |
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Meningococcal - how real is the threat? |
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Meningococcal - how real is the threat? - January 22, 2002 - Meningococcal has rapidly become one of the most feared diseases in Australia over the past few years, largely due to a slight increase in the number of cases reported and... |
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meningococcal infections |
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- Meningococcal infections are caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. |
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mental retardation |
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mononucleosis |
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mumps |
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- Mumps is a viral infection that causes swelling of the parotid gland, a salivary gland below the angle of the lower jaw. Mumps can also affect other organs, especially in adults. |
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nasal allergies |
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nausea |
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- Nausea is a feeling of queasiness in the stomach. It is usually associated with the feeling that one is going to throw up, or vomit. |
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noisy breathing in children |
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- Noisy breathing in children is a common condition, usually caused by a blockage in the air passages. |
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obesity |
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- Obesity is measured using body mass index or BMI. This refers to body weight relative to height. If a person's BMI is greater than 25 kg per metre squared, he or she is considered overweight. A BMI greater than 30 kg per metre squared is considered obese. |
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otitis |
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peritonsillar abscess |
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- This is the name for an abscess that forms in the space around the tonsils. |
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pertussis |
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- The bacteria Bordetella pertussis causes pertussis, a respiratory illness characterised by severe episodes of cough. |
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pesticides at home |
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congenital heart disease |
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petechiae |
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- Petechiae are pinpoint-sized haemorrhages of small capillaries in the skin or mucous membranes. |
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petit mal seizure |
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- Petit mal seizures are a form of epilepsy, a condition that involves disturbances of brain function that result in seizures. Petit mal seizures can occur many times an hour or day and usually occur in children. |
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physical exam schedule |
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pinworm |
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pneumonia |
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- Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by many different micro-organisms, including viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. |
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pneumonia vaccine |
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polio immunisation |
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- A vaccine is an injection or oral solution given to protect a person against a life-threatening disease. There are two types of polio vaccines. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is delivered in an injection form. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is delivered through drops that are swallowed. The OPV is a live vaccine. and is the most common means of delivering the vaccine in Australia. |
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diaper rash |
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poliomyelitis |
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porphyria |
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- Porphyria is a condition that affects how haeme is made and broken down by the body. Haeme is the part of haemoglobin that carries oxygen to the cells of the body. |
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post streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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- Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a type of kidney inflammation. It is caused by a reaction to an infection with certain strains of bacteria called Streptococcus. |
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potassium |
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- Potassium is one of the electrolyte minerals. It is important in maintaining the body's acid-base and fluid balance. Potassium works very closely with sodium and chloride, which are also electrolyte minerals. These three minerals are in all fluids of the body. Potassium is found in fluids within cells. The other two are found in fluids outside of cells. |
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rash |
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recurring urinary tract infection |
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rheumatic fever |
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- This is an immune response that occurs in the body, causing inflammation and damage to certain organs, particularly the heart. It follows a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. |
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rosacea |
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roseola |
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RSV infection |
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rubella |
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ruptured or perforated eardrum |
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- A perforated eardrum is an eardrum with a hole in it. |
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salmonella infections |
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scabies |
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- Scabies is a skin infestation caused by the scabies mite. It often causes intense itchiness. |
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scalp problems |
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scarlet fever |
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scrotal mass |
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- The term scrotal mass means that a distinct mass can be felt within the scrotum, as opposed to a general swelling of the scrotum. |
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seatbelts and infants |
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- Seatbelts and other forms of restraint for children in motor vehicles are important safety measures designed to reduce the chance of injury and death. |
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seborrheic dermatitis |
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shaken baby syndrome |
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- Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse and involves repeated shaking of a young baby that results in a head or neck injury. This movement causes the brain to slam against the skull. |
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sinusitis |
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skin lesions |
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sore throat |
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splinter removal |
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- Splinter removal is a way to remove splinters of wood or other foreign bodies that are just under the skin. |
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sports for children with disabilities |
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- A sport is a physical activity engaged in for pleasure, which generally involves competition. Sports benefit children and their families because sports provide not only fun but also: helps build a child's self-image connects people through competition helps children to meet other children of like interests and situations helps children with disabilities by teaching them independence as well as teamwork helps improve health, discipline, and confidenceSports help children with disabilities to be part of society. Sports help to promote a focus on the child's ability versus disability. A disability is the lack of ability or a restriction in ability to function normally -- physically or mentally. |
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staphylococcal scalded skin |
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strep throat |
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- Strep throat is an infection of the pharynx caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. The pharynx is the part of the throat between the tonsils and the larynx, or voice box. |
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stress and children |
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- Stress is the "wear and tear" our bodies go through as we adjust to our constantly changing environment. Anything that causes change in our lives causes stress. Stress can be short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic). Acute stress is the reaction to an immediate threat. This is commonly known as the fight-or-flight response. The threat can be any situation that is perceived, even subconsciously, as a danger. |
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stye |
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swimmer's ear |
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temperature |
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- Normal body temperature is often defined as 37 degrees Celsius (C). Whenever a person is ill or feels hot or cold to the touch, it is important to take their temperature. If a doctor is called during an illness, he or she will often ask for the temperature of the ill person. |
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testicular torsion repair |
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tetanus |
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tetanus immunization |
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tonsillitis |
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toxic synovitis |
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upper respiratory infection |
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- The upper part of the respiratory system includes the ears, nose, sinuses, mouth, and throat. It also includes the main bronchi or windpipes, which are the air-carrying tubes in the chest. The upper respiratory system is the most commonly infected area in the body. |
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urinary tract infections in children |
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wheezing |
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- Wheezing describes a form of difficult, noisy breathing. |
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