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acute otitis media |
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adenoidal hypertrophy |
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anal fissure |
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- An anal fissure is a tear in the internal lining of the anus. This area is called the anal mucosa. This break in the anal lining often re-opens during bowel movements. The result is bright red blood and intense pain. |
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asthma |
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- Asthma is a common lung disease. In a person with asthma, the airways narrow as a result of inflammation within the airway wall, when exposed to different factors, or triggers. As such, individuals with asthma develop symptoms of widespread and variable airflow obstruction. These events can often reverse spontaneously or with appropriate medication. |
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atelectasis |
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asymptomatic bacteriuria |
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- Asymptomatic bacteruiria is the presence of bacteria in the urine, without any symptoms. |
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bacterial meningitis |
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- Bacterial (back-tier-ee-al) meningitis (men-in-jie-tis) is an infection of the membranes that cover the brain. |
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benign ear growth |
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bilirubin |
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- This test measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced by the breakdown of haemoglobin, the oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells. Bilirubin is processed in the liver. If liver cells are damaged, it can escape into the bloodstream. |
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blocked tear duct |
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blood in the stools |
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- Blood in the stools means that blood from somewhere in the body is being excreted in the stool, or bowel movement. |
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blood in the urine |
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- Blood in the urine can be visible, or it may only be noticed when the urine is tested. |
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botulism in adults and children |
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- Botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disorder. It is caused by a toxin, or poison, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It can result in paralysis, or the loss of sensation or muscle function, if left untreated. It can also cause breathing difficulty. |
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botulism in infants |
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- Botulism is a condition caused by a toxin made by bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. This toxin triggers sudden, progressive weakness and paralysis. Infant botulism is usually seen in babies younger than 6 months old. |
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bronchiolitis |
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- Bronchiolitis is an inflammation in the bronchioles, or small airways in the lungs. It is characterised by wheezing. It usually affects children under 2 years of age. |
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celiac disease |
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Coeliac disease is a malabsorption syndrome. The intestine is not able to absorb vital dietary nutrients from foods. Due to a sensitivity of foods containing gliadin, an alcohol-soluble portion of gluten. |
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celiac disease-nutrition |
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- Coeliac disease is a chronic digestive disorder that affects the small intestine. It can begin at any stage of life, from infancy through adulthood. The disease varies in severity from person to person. People with coeliac disease have an intolerance or a reaction to gliadin, which is a component of gluten. Gluten and gliadin are found in several common grains. |
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cellulitis |
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- Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and the layer under the skin. |
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chickenpox |
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- Chicken pox is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is characterised by a blistery rash. |
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chickenpox vaccine |
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- The chickenpox vaccine is given to prevent chickenpox in children and adults. Vaccines contain weakened or dead germs that cause certain diseases. To fight these germs, the body's immune system creates antibodies. Antibodies are cells that attack foreign substances in the body. A vaccine causes the body to makes antibodies to the weakened germs in the vaccine. Some of these antibodies will stay in the body for long periods of time. How long they remain depends on which vaccine a person gets. If the person is later exposed to the disease, the antibodies multiply to fight it off. |
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choking in the conscious child |
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- Choking in a conscious child may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. |
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choking in the conscious infant |
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- Choking in a conscious infant may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. |
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choking in the unconscious infant |
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- Choking in an unconscious infant may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. An infant is a child under 1 year of age. |
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chronic otitis media |
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- Chronic otitis media is a term to describe persistent or chronic middle ear inflammation. This may be due to persistent fluid behind the eardrum from repeated middle ear infections. |
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chronic sinusitis |
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colds |
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- A cold is a viral infection that affects the upper airway including the nose, pharynx, throat, airways, and lungs. |
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coarctation of the aorta |
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congenital dislocation of the hip |
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congenital heart disease |
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congestive heart failure in children |
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conjunctivitis |
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contact dermatitis |
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croup |
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cystic fibrosis |
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cyanosis |
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- Cyanosis is a blue or purple discolouration of the skin that can occur when there is not enough oxygen in a person's blood or tissues. |
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cystic fibrosis - nutritional considerations |
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- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease. CF occurs in 1 in 2500 births in Australia and is the most common genetic disease in Caucasian Australians. CF prevents the body from absorbing enough nutrients. This makes it difficult for people with CF to meet increased nutrient needs. As a result, people with CF may need to eat an enriched diet with more kilojoules and take extra vitamins and enzymes. |
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day care health risks |
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day care health risks - What is the information for this topic? - Many young children spend a good portion of their lives in daycare. There are many benefits to day care. It can provide enriching educational and social experiences for the... |
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diarrhea caused by antibiotics |
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diarrhea in children |
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- Diarrhoea is a condition involving frequent loose, watery stools. |
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diarrhea in infants |
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- Diarrhoea is a condition in which loose, watery stools are passed with greater frequency than normal. |
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DPT immunization |
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
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- Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder of the muscles. It causes the muscles to degenerate and lose their function. |
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dyshidrotic eczema |
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E. coli enteritis |
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ear pain |
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- Ear pain is any pain that occurs in any part of the inner, middle, or outer ear. This pain can be by itself or associated with other symptoms. |
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ECG |
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- An electrocardiogram, also called an ECG, is a graphic record of the heart's electrical activity. Doctors use it to help diagnose heart disease. They can also use it to monitor how well different heart medications are working. |
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eczema |
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encephalitis |
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- Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. It usually follows or results from an infection. |
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epiglottitis |
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epilepsy |
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ethmoiditis |
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eustachian tube patency |
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- Eustachian tube patency describes a condition in which the eustachian tube is continually open. The eustachian tube is a structure in the ear that runs from behind the eardrum to the back part of the nasal cavity. |
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failure to thrive |
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febrile seizures |
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fever |
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fever and children |
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- Fever is defined as a higher than normal body temperature. Normal temperature is 37 degrees Celsius (c). |
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fever blisters |
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fifth disease |
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Folate |
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Folate - August 30, 2001 - Every week in Australia, up to nine babies are born with a neural tube defect. The most common is spina bifida. It's a serious and permanent disability but the evidence shows that a diet rich in folate can... |
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flu |
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- Influenza, more commonly known as the flu, is a viral illness that affects the respiratory tract. |
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flu vaccine |
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gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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gastroenteritis |
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group B streptococcal septicemia of the newborn |
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giardiasis |
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- Giardiasis is a gastrointestinal infection marked by diarrhoea. It is caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia. |
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glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency |
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group A streptococcal infections |
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- Group A streptococcal infections include strep throat, scarlet fever, and others. |
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hand, foot and mouth disease |
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- Hand, foot and mouth (HFM) disease is a viral infection with a characteristic rash. It usually occurs in young children. |
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heart and lung transplant |
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- A heart and lung transplant is a surgical procedure in which a person's poorly functioning heart and lungs are replaced with those a person who has died and donated their organs. |
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head lice and body lice |
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- Lice are small, grey, bugs. Head lice attach themselves to the hair shafts. Head lice causes itching and scratch marks on the scalp. Body lice actually live in the seams of clothing, not on the skin. The lice will leave the clothing to bite the infected person. The lice leave eggs, also called nits, attached to the hair shafts. |
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Heamophilia A |
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Heamophilia B |
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hearing impairment |
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- An impairment means there is a change in the way a certain body part works that is different from usual. The impairment may not even be noticeable or have any effect on how the person functions. Or the impairment may be obvious and may make it difficult or impossible for the person to do certain activities. A hearing impairment means there is a change in what a person hears. This can range from having difficulty hearing certain sounds to complete deafness, or loss of all hearing. |
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heart murmur |
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- A heart murmur is an extra, unexpected, or abnormal sound that is caused by the flow of blood through the heart. |
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hemiplegia |
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Hib vaccine |
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hives |
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- Hives are red, itchy welts on the skin that come and go over the course of minutes or hours. All types of hives can cause itching. They usually form on the skin but sometimes hives form in the soft tissue of the mouth, eyes and throat. |
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cyanotic heart disease |
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hydrocephalus in children |
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- Hydrocephalus is a condition involving the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in and around the brain. |
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hypospadias repair |
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- Hypospadias a condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis, rather than in its normal location at the tip of the penis. About half the time, the opening is within an inch of the penis tip. This is known as anterior hypospadias. However, the opening can fall anywhere along the shaft of the penis to below the base of the scrotum. This condition is present from birth. |
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hypothalamic tumour |
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- A hypothalamic tumour is a growth that develops inside or on top of the hypothalamus in the brain. |
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Immunisation - the facts |
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Immunisation - the facts - November 08, 2001 - Immunisation, an effective way of helping to prevent thousands of deaths each year from such diseases as polio, haemophilus influenza and whooping cough, has come under attack in recent years... |
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impetigo |
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- Impetigo(im-pa-tay-go) is a bacterial infection on the surface of the skin, characterised by honey coloured crusts and mild sores. |
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infectious myringitis |
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inguinal hernia |
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intussusception |
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- Intussusception is the telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another. It generally occurs in young children. |
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irritability in children |
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- Irritability is a state of being overly sensitive to stimulation. Children who are irritable may, for example, cry easily. |
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Kawasaki disease |
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- Kawasaki disease is a poorly understood condition that affects young children. It causes a fever and severe inflammation in different areas of the body. |
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jaundice |
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mastoiditis |
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- Mastoiditis is an inflammation within the mastoid bone, which is the bone immediately behind the ear. Mastoiditis is usually caused by an infection. |
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measles |
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- Measles is a viral infection of the respiratory tract and the skin. It is one of the most contagious diseases known. Measles was once very common, but a vaccine has made it much more rare. |
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measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine |
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- Vaccines contain weakened or dead germs that cause certain diseases. To fight these germs, a person's immune system creates antibodies which help the body rid itself of the germs and prevent infection. Some of these antibodies will stay in the body for use at a later time if needed. Later in life, if a child or adult is exposed to these diseases, the antibodies multiply and fight them off. |
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meningitis in infants and children |
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- The meninges are the membranes that line the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of these areas. It is usually caused by infection. |
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Meningococcal - how real is the threat? |
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Meningococcal - how real is the threat? - January 22, 2002 - Meningococcal has rapidly become one of the most feared diseases in Australia over the past few years, largely due to a slight increase in the number of cases reported and... |
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meningococcal infections |
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- Meningococcal infections are caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. |
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mental retardation |
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mumps |
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- Mumps is a viral infection that causes swelling of the parotid gland, a salivary gland below the angle of the lower jaw. Mumps can also affect other organs, especially in adults. |
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nausea |
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- Nausea is a feeling of queasiness in the stomach. It is usually associated with the feeling that one is going to throw up, or vomit. |
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noisy breathing in children |
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- Noisy breathing in children is a common condition, usually caused by a blockage in the air passages. |
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neonatal conjunctivitis |
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- Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the membranes that line the eyelid or the eye. In some cases it is caused by allergies or infections. It can also be brought on by irritants or toxins. Sometimes, another type of illness in the body can cause the problem. When the condition occurs in babies under 4 weeks old, it is called neonatal conjunctivitis. |
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otitis |
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apparent life-threatening event |
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oesophageal atresia |
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- Oesophageal atresia is a condition in which the oesophagus is not fully developed. It is a congenital condition, which means that it is present at birth. |
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respiratory distress syndrome in newborns |
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patent ductus arteriosus |
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- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the failure of a duct, or passageway, between two specific blood vessels to close. The blood vessels involved are the pulmonary artery and the aorta, two of the largest arteries in the body. It is a congenital heart disease, or a defect present at birth. |
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Hirschsprung disease |
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lactose intolerance |
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newborn jaundice |
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pyloric stenosis |
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pertussis |
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- The bacteria Bordetella pertussis causes pertussis, a respiratory illness characterised by severe episodes of cough. |
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inborn errors of metabolism |
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placental insufficiency |
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physical exam schedule |
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poliomyelitis |
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pinworm |
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pneumonia |
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- Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by many different micro-organisms, including viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. |
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pneumonia vaccine |
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polio immunisation |
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- A vaccine is an injection or oral solution given to protect a person against a life-threatening disease. There are two types of polio vaccines. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is delivered in an injection form. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is delivered through drops that are swallowed. The OPV is a live vaccine. and is the most common means of delivering the vaccine in Australia. |
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diaper rash |
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port wine stain |
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premature infant |
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pulmonary atresia |
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- Pulmonary atresia is a serious birth defect in the heart which causes congenital heart disease. |
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pyloroplasty |
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- Pyloroplasty is a surgical procedure performed to widen the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. The opening between the stomach and small intestine is called the pylorus. The pylorus, or pyloric canal, is a short canal primarily made of muscle. The canal can become too narrow, in some conditions. When the canal becomes too narrow, food and liquids may not be able to pass. This can result in symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. |
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porphyria |
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- Porphyria is a condition that affects how haeme is made and broken down by the body. Haeme is the part of haemoglobin that carries oxygen to the cells of the body. |
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potassium |
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- Potassium is one of the electrolyte minerals. It is important in maintaining the body's acid-base and fluid balance. Potassium works very closely with sodium and chloride, which are also electrolyte minerals. These three minerals are in all fluids of the body. Potassium is found in fluids within cells. The other two are found in fluids outside of cells. |
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rash |
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recurring urinary tract infection |
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rosacea |
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roseola |
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RSV infection |
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rubella |
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ruptured or perforated eardrum |
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- A perforated eardrum is an eardrum with a hole in it. |
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salmonella infections |
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scabies |
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- Scabies is a skin infestation caused by the scabies mite. It often causes intense itchiness. |
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scalp problems |
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scarlet fever |
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scrotal mass |
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- The term scrotal mass means that a distinct mass can be felt within the scrotum, as opposed to a general swelling of the scrotum. |
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seatbelts and infants |
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- Seatbelts and other forms of restraint for children in motor vehicles are important safety measures designed to reduce the chance of injury and death. |
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seborrheic dermatitis |
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shaken baby syndrome |
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- Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse and involves repeated shaking of a young baby that results in a head or neck injury. This movement causes the brain to slam against the skull. |
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tetrology of Fallot |
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tricuspid regurgitation |
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skin lesions |
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spina bifida |
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- Spina bifida is a type of birth defect that causes abnormal formation of the spinal column. |
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sore throat |
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sudden infant death syndrome |
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staphylococcal scalded skin |
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strep throat |
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- Strep throat is an infection of the pharynx caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. The pharynx is the part of the throat between the tonsils and the larynx, or voice box. |
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transposition of the great arteries |
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stye |
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tetanus immunization |
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thalassemia |
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ventricular septal defect |
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temperature |
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- Normal body temperature is often defined as 37 degrees Celsius (C). Whenever a person is ill or feels hot or cold to the touch, it is important to take their temperature. If a doctor is called during an illness, he or she will often ask for the temperature of the ill person. |
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testicular torsion repair |
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tetanus |
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TORCH infections |
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- TORCH is an acronym for a special group of infections. These may be acquired by a woman during pregnancy. "TORCH" stands for the following infections: toxoplasma infection, also called toxoplasmosis other infections, such as hepatitis B, syphilis, and herpes zoster, the virus that causes chickenpox rubella, the virus that causes German measles cytomegalovirus, or CMV herpes simplex virus, the cause of genital herpesWhat is going on in the body? |
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torticollis |
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tonsillitis |
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toxoplasma test |
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toxoplasmosis |
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- Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, also known as T. gondii. |
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upper respiratory infection |
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- The upper part of the respiratory system includes the ears, nose, sinuses, mouth, and throat. It also includes the main bronchi or windpipes, which are the air-carrying tubes in the chest. The upper respiratory system is the most commonly infected area in the body. |
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urine amino acids |
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ventriculoperitoneal shunt |
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- Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a surgical procedure in which a tube or catheter is inserted into the ventricles, or cavities, in the brain to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid into the abdomen. |
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vision changes |
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visual impairment |
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vomiting |
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wheezing |
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- Wheezing describes a form of difficult, noisy breathing. |
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