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cervical biopsy |
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- A cervical biopsy involves the removal of a small sample of tissue from the cervix. The cervix is the lowest part of the uterus and contains the opening from the uterus to the vagina. The tissue sample is called a biopsy. |
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aspergillosis precipitin |
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- Aspergillosis precipitin is a blood test that detects antibodies against a common fungus, or mould, called Aspergillus. The aspergillosis infection spreads in the bloodstream. It may cause an infection in the ear, cornea of the eye, heart valves, sinuses, lungs or brain. |
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aspergillus antigen skin test |
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An aspergillus antigen skin test detects antibodies against a common fungus, or mould, called Aspergillus. The aspergillosis infection spreads in the bloodstream. It may cause an infection in the ear, cornea of the eye, heart valves, sinuses, lungs or brain. |
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amniocentesis |
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- This test, performed upon a sample of the fluid surrounding the foetus in the uterus (the "amniotic fluid"), is designed to detect a number of disorders of the foetus. |
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APGAR |
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- The APGAR score is a quick test performed on the infant immediately after delivery at 1, 5 and sometimes 10 minutes after birth to determine the physical condition of the newborn. |
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bilirubin |
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- This test measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced by the breakdown of haemoglobin, the oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells. Bilirubin is processed in the liver. If liver cells are damaged, it can escape into the bloodstream. |
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breast biopsy |
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blood flow studies |
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- This test measures blood flow through an artery or vein. |
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bleeding time |
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- This test measures how long it takes a person to stop bleeding after the skin is cut. |
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breast lump removal |
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blood glucose tests |
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- Blood glucose, or blood sugar, is the amount of glucose circulating in the blood. Glucose is another name for sugar and is an important energy source for the body. The body forms glucose when it breaks down the foods that are eaten. For example, bread or cereal is not in a form of energy that the body can use. The body converts these foods into a useable form, glucose. |
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chromosome analysis |
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- Chromosome analysis involves looking at cells under a microscope to see if the chromosomes are normal. |
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bronchoscopy |
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- A bronchoscopy is a test done with a thin, flexible fibre-optic tube called a bronchoscope. The tube is inserted through the nose or mouth into the lung. A tissue sample can be removed for study, or biopsied. |
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Coombs' test, direct |
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- The direct Coombs' test detects antibodies, which are proteins that react against other molecules, on the surface of an individual's red blood cells. |
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chorionic villus sampling |
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- Chorionic villus sampling, or CVS, is a procedure in which a small piece of tissue is taken from the chorionic villi early in pregnancy. The chorionic villi are lacy fibrils that attach the sac holding the foetus to the uterine wall. These fibrils have the same genetic and biochemical makeup as the foetus. |
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colposcopy |
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- Colposcopy involves the use of a special lighted microscope to magnify the surface of the cervix during a pelvic examination. The cervix is the lowest part of the uterus and contains the opening from the uterus to the vagina. |
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adrenal biopsy |
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- There are two adrenal glands in the body, one on top of each kidney. These glands produce a variety of hormones that affect almost all of the body's functions. An adrenal biopsy involves taking a sample of tissue, usually from only one adrenal gland. |
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biopsy -- detailed |
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- A biopsy is the removal of a sample of tissue from the body. The sample is then examined under a microscope. Biopsies are used to diagnose many medical conditions, from skin problems to cancer. |
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cytology exam of urine |
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- A cytology examination of urine is an examination of the cells that appear in the urine. This test can detect and help diagnose some urinary tract diseases. The urinary tract contains the kidneys, bladder, and the tubes that connect these organs to the outside of the body. |
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endocervical culture |
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cytology exam of pleural fluid |
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- Pleural fluid is the fluid that surrounds the lungs and lubricates their linings. This test can help identify any cancer cells if they are present in the pleural fluid. |
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sigmoidoscopy |
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- The sigmoid is the last small stretch of colon, or large intestine, before the rectum. A sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that is done to examine this part of the bowel as well as the rectum and the anus. |
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DNA testing |
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- DNA testing is a type of genetic test that looks for changes in the DNA molecule. The changes, called mutations, may be associated with genetic diseases. Diseases such as the inborn errors of metabolism are diagnosed this way. The changes may also be variations in the DNA molecule that occur between the genes. These changes don't cause disease, and are sometimes called innocent changes. Identifying them can be useful for such things as paternity testing. |
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blood differential |
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- The blood differential test measures how many different kinds of white blood cells are in the bloodstream. It tests to see if the structure of the white blood cells is normal or abnormal. |
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ECG |
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- An electrocardiogram, also called an ECG, is a graphic record of the heart's electrical activity. Doctors use it to help diagnose heart disease. They can also use it to monitor how well different heart medications are working. |
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culture of joint fluid |
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enema |
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- An enema is a way of cleaning out the bowel or large intestine. Various solutions are inserted into the rectum to soften the faeces. This causes the bowel and rectum to stretch and expand, and helps the bowel to empty. |
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ELISA |
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- ELISA is test that is usually done on a sample of blood. This test may be used for various purposes. The test detects the presence of either antigens or antibodies in the blood. An antigen is a protein found in a substance in the body, such as a bacteria or piece of a protein. An antibody is a protein formed by the body in response to an antigen. Specific antigens "stick" to the specific antibodies that are created in response to them. Not all proteins in the body cause antibodies to be made. The proteins that do are possible candidates for an ELISA test. |
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CPK |
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CPK isoenzymes |
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creatinine |
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- Creatinine is a waste product made by the body during regular metabolism. It is excreted into the urine by the kidneys. A serum creatinine test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. |
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acetylcholine receptor antibody |
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- This test determines the amount of edrophonium in a person's body. Edrophonium is a molecule that stimulates muscle contractions. |
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acid phosphatase test |
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- The acid phosphatase test measures the level of acid phosphatase in the blood. Acid phosphatase is an enzyme found in the prostate gland, semen, liver, spleen, blood cells, and bone marrow. If these organs and tissues are not functioning right, they may release acid phosphatase into the bloodstream. |
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ACTH stimulation test |
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- This test checks how the adrenal glands respond to a certain hormone. The hormone is called adrenocorticotrophic hormone, or ACTH. ACTH is made in the pituitary gland and travels through the bloodstream to the adrenal glands. ACTH stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol. Cortisol is important for many functions in the body's metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, and protein. |
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ACTH test |
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- This test measures the amount of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in the blood. ACTH is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. It regulates the production and secretion of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal gland. |
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aldolase |
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- This test measures the amount of the enzyme aldolase in the blood. Aldolase is involved in the breakdown of sugars to generate energy in cells. It is very concentrated in muscle tissue. The aldolase test can help detect muscle damage, since damaged muscles can release aldolase into the bloodstream. |
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bone marrow aspiration |
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- Bone marrow aspiration is a procedure in which a sample of bone marrow is removed with a special needle. The sample can then be examined with a microscope to look for various diseases or conditions. |
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albumin test |
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- This test measures the levels of albumin in the blood. Albumin is an important blood protein that is made by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. |
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T3 |
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- This test measures the amount of T3, which is a form of thyroid hormone, in the blood. The test is done to evaluate thyroid function, especially when a person is thought to have an overactive or underactive thyroid. |
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T4 |
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- This test measures the amount of T4, which is also called thyroxine. T4 is a form of thyroid hormone in the blood. The test is usually performed to evaluate thyroid function. The levels of thyroid hormone in the blood are important to health. Thyroid hormone controls the body's rate of basal metabolism, which is the energy needed to keep the body functioning at rest. |
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central line |
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- A central line is a special intravenous, or IV, line that is inserted through the chest and threaded into one of the large veins that lie close to the heart. A central line has multiple ports that can be used to draw blood, give fluids, and monitor central venous blood pressure. |
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blood glucose monitoring |
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- This blood test measures the level of glucose, or sugar, in the blood. |
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calcium in urine |
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- This test measures the amount of calcium in urine. |
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CMV antibody test |
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- This test detects the presence of antibodies in the blood to cytomegalovirus (CMV). |
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cold stimulation test for Raynaud's phenomenon |
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- This test looks for reduced blood flow in the fingers after they are exposed to cold temperatures. |
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colonoscopy |
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- In this procedure, a flexible fibre optic instrument called a colonoscope is inserted into the large intestine, or colon. The colonoscope permits the doctor to view the details of the inner surface of the colon. This helps detect any abnormal tissues or growths. The doctor can also sample or remove abnormal growths through the colonoscope. |
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creatinine-urine |
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- This test measures the amount of creatinine in the urine. Creatinine is produced in the muscles and filtered by the kidneys. The amount of creatinine in the urine, then, is an indication of kidney function. It is most often used to check kidney function. |
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lactose tolerance test |
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- This test determines if a person is lacking an intestinal enzyme called lactase. This test is no longer commonly used in Australia. |
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FSH |
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percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram |
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- A percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram, or PTCA, is a special X-ray test used to look at the bile ducts. The bile ducts allow the liver and gallbladder to secrete digestive fluid into the intestines. The pancreatic duct can also be seen and evaluated for disease. |
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abdominal MRI |
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abdominal ultrasound |
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abdominal X-rays |
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genetic screening |
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- Genetic screening is the process of looking for indications of a genetic disease. A genetic disease is a condition that is passed down from a parent to his or her offspring. Genetic screening is usually done before any signs of disease are present. The procedure is undertaken for several reasons. It may be done to determine if someone will develop a genetic disease. Examples of common genetic disorders are: Turner syndrome Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Tourette syndrome coeliac disease Wilson disease Huntington disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy Tay-Sachs disease haemachromatosis cystic fibrosis thallasaemiaGenetic screening is sometimes done to determine if a person can pass on a genetic disease, even if he or she is not at risk for developing the actual condition. It also may be done as part of a study of the whole population. |
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genetic testing |
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- Through genetic testing, doctors look for the known cause of a specific disease in someone who already has the symptoms. Laboratory studies can determine whether someone has a genetic disease. Genetic screening, on the other hand, is a more general search for inherited problems, to see if any exist. Genes are inherited building blocks that determine a person's physical traits such as height or eye colour. A defect in a gene can cause inherited diseases. |
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arterial blood gases |
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arterial stick |
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blood typing |
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Coombs' test, indirect |
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- The Coombs' test detects antibodies, or proteins that react against other molecules, against red blood cells in an individual's serum or attached to an individual's red blood cells. The Coombs' test is commonly performed before a blood transfusion to make sure that antibodies in an individual's blood will not cross-react, or be attacked by antibodies in blood obtained from a donor. Transfused blood that does not match the blood of the individual who receives the blood could cause complications in the person who receives the blood. |
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partial thromboplastin time |
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FBC |
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- A FBC, also called a full blood count, is a screening test used to diagnose and manage many diseases. A FBC measures the status of important features of the blood, including the: number of red blood cells (RBCs) number of white blood cells (WBCs) number of platelets total amount of haemoglobin in the blood percentage of blood composed of cells, or haematocrit mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Who is a candidate for the test? |
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ALP |
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bone biopsy |
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bone marrow biopsy |
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ferritin |
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- Ferritin is the iron storage protein found in the blood. This test measures the amount of available ferritin in the blood serum. Iron is important for red blood cell production. |
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bone mineral density analysis |
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bone scan |
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brain stem auditory evoked response test |
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calcium, ionized |
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CT scan |
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hearing test |
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immune assay |
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- An immune assay is a special method of testing in order to measure or detect certain substances. This sophisticated test uses the properties of the immune or infection-fighting system. It is usually used when the amount of material to be detected is very small. It is most commonly performed on a sample of blood, though other body fluids may be used. |
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joint aspiration |
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- Synovial fluid is a liquid found in small amounts within the joints. This liquid is produced by the membrane lining the capsule of a joint, known as the synovial membrane. During a joint aspiration, the synovial fluid is drawn out using a needle, and looked at under a microscope. |
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joint x-ray |
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- A joint x-ray is a radiographic image of a place where bones in the body connect. Examples include the knee, elbow and ankle. X-rays consist of electromagnetic waves of energy. They penetrate the body to varying extents depending on the density of the structures being viewed. The result is back and white images of interior portions of the body. |
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knee arthroscopy |
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cytology exam of sputum |
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- A sputum cytology test can identify cancer cells in a sample of sputum. |
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tensilon test |
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neck x-ray |
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cerebral angiography |
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cranial CT scan |
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cranial MRI |
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EEG |
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electromyography |
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- Electromyography (EMG) is used to test the electrical activity of a skeletal muscle. |
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nerve conduction velocity test |
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MRI |
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glucose tolerance test |
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- This test is primarily used to measure how well the body can use, or metabolise, glucose. Glucose is the main form of sugar in the body. |
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haemoglobin |
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- Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells. It carries oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body, and carries carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. A haemoglobin test measures the level of this protein in a sample of blood. |
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VDRL test |
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HDL |
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- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a type of cholesterol that is carried in the blood. An HDL test determines the level of HDL cholesterol in the blood. It is done to evaluate a person's risk of heart disease. HDL cholesterol is found only in the blood stream. It is not the same as dietary cholesterol found in food. |
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breast ultrasound |
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abdominal CT |
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barium enema |
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bronchoscopy with lavage |
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chest CT scan |
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chest MRI |
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chest x-ray |
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cone biopsy |
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endometrial biopsy |
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free PSA |
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gallium scan |
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laparoscopy in the female |
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liver biopsy |
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liver function tests |
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liver-spleen scan |
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lymph node biopsy |
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prothrombin time |
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- The prothrombin time (PT) test helps measure the ability of the blood to clot normally. It is very similar to the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test. These two tests are often ordered together. |
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PSA |
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PSA density |
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testicular biopsy |
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thyroid nodule fine needle biopsy |
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thyroid scan |
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tongue biopsy |
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upper GI and small bowel series |
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kidney function tests |
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exercise treadmill ECG |
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echocardiography |
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ALT |
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Holter monitor |
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digoxin test |
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pulmonary function test |
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- This test measures the amount of air that can be taken in with a deep breath and how quickly it can be expelled from the lungs by a forceful exhalation. |
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LDL |
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- This test measures the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood. |
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LDH isoenzymes |
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sleep study |
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skull X-ray |
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CO2 |
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sputum exam for Mycobacteria |
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glycosylated hemoglobin |
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ALP isoenzyme test |
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alpha-fetoprotein |
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AST |
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BUN |
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stomach acid stimulation test |
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alpha-1 antitrypsin |
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thyroid function tests |
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TSH |
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TSI |
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visual field test |
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lymph node culture |
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dental x-ray |
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ASO |
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pulmonary perfusion scan |
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toxicology screen |
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cord blood tests |
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hysterosalpingogram |
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hysteroscopy, diagnostic for infertility |
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urinalysis |
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pulse oximetry |
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Pap smear |
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throat culture |
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24-hour urine test |
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intravenous pyelogram |
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urine culture |
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urine osmolality test |
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mammography |
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pregnancy ultrasound |
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serum pregnancy test |
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TORCH screen |
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urine pregnancy test |
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Heart Rate Calculator |
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HEART RATE CALCULATOR - - Target heart rate is an estimate of how hard you should work out while doing aerobic activity or other exercise. - Find your heart rate by placing your finger on your opposite wrist, and pressing until you feel a... |
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serum iron |
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pulmonary ventilation scan |
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spinal tap |
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triglyceride level |
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TIBC |
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urine protein |
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Foetal scalp pH testing |
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- In this procedure, a small amount of blood is taken from a baby's scalp. It is done while the mother is in labour. This is to determine if the baby is getting enough oxygen during the birth process. |
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toxoplasma test |
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hysteroscopy for abnormal vaginal bleeding |
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- A hysteroscope is a small metal tube connected to a light source and camera. It magnifies the cervical opening, uterine cavity, and the openings of the fallopian tubes during a procedure called hysteroscopy. |
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total protein |
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spirometry |
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urine amino acids |
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VLDL |
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tumour markers |
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- Tumour markers are chemical substances that are produced by some cancers. Most of these substances can be found in the bloodstream in small amounts even when cancer is not present. When cancers produce these substances, they are usually produced in very large amounts. The amount of the substances may increase far above a normal level as the disease worsens. |
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WBC count |
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anaerobic bacteria, blood culture for |
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- A test called a blood culture is done to see if there is an infection of the blood. There are different types of blood culture tests. One of these tests checks for a type of organism called anaerobic bacteria. |
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antibody titre |
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- This test detects and measures the amount of antibodies in the blood. Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system. These antibodies are made to attack a real or imagined threat. For example, antibodies may be made in some cases to attack bacteria causing an infection. In other cases, however, antibodies may be made to attack a person's own body. |
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HIV western blot |
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- This is a test that detects the presence of antibodies, which are chemicals produced by the body to fight germs and other foreign substances. In particular, the test detects antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. |
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metyrapone test |
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- The metyrapone test evaluates how the adrenal glands respond to adrenocorticotrophic hormone, or ACTH. ACTH is made in the pituitary gland and travels through the bloodstream to the adrenal glands. There it triggers the release of another hormone called cortisol. |
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proctoscopy |
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- An proctoscopy is a procedure in which a small tube is inserted into the anus to allow a doctor to see the details of the anus and anal canal. |
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routine sputum culture |
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- This test attempts to detect and identify organisms in the sputum. Sputum is a secretion coughed up from the lungs. It is different than saliva, which comes from the mouth. |
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tonometry |
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- The tonometry test measures the pressure inside the eyeballs. This is called intraocular pressure, or IOP. |
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hysteroscopy for intrauterine defect |
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- A hysteroscope is a small metal tube connected to a light source and camera. It magnifies the cervical opening, uterine cavity, and the openings of the fallopian tubes during a procedure called hysteroscopy. |
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