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abuse and neglect |
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- Abuse can take many forms. It may be physical, psychological, sexual, or financial. One type of abuse is neglect. It occurs when a caretaker fails to fulfill the basic needs of a child, elder, or dependent adult. |
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abuse, child |
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- Child abuse can be defined as "the physical treatment and mental injuring, sexual abuse, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child's welfare under circumstances which indicate that the child's health and welfare is harmed or threatened thereby." |
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acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |
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- Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) is cancer of the lymph cells, a type of white blood cell. While ALL is known as the childhood form of leukaemia, 20% of the people who develop the disease are adults. |
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acute otitis media |
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adenoid removal |
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- This procedure involves surgically removing the adenoid glands from the nasopharynx, which is the area between the nasal airway and back of the throat. It is usually performed with a tonsillectomy, or surgical removal of the tonsils. |
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adenoidal hypertrophy |
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airline travel with children |
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- Aeroplane travel can be exciting for a child. It can also present challenges. Depending on the age, a child may find it difficult to sit for long periods of time in the confined space of an aeroplane. A benefit of airline travel with children is that the trip takes less time than by ground. By making preparations ahead of time to address the child's needs, parents can make a trip more enjoyable for both children and adults. |
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allergic conjunctivitis |
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- Allergic conjunctivitis is swelling and redness of the membrane that lines the eye. It is caused by exposure to foreign matter. The affected part of the eye is called the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the mucous membrane layer that covers the white part of the eye. |
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allergic reactions |
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allergies |
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- An allergy is an immune response by the body to certain stimuli in the environment that are normally harmless. |
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anal discomfort |
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- The anus is the lowest part of the digestive tract, the opening from which stool is passed out of the body. Anal discomfort includes pain, itching, or burning. |
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anal fissure |
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- An anal fissure is a tear in the internal lining of the anus. This area is called the anal mucosa. This break in the anal lining often re-opens during bowel movements. The result is bright red blood and intense pain. |
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animal bites |
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- An injury that is the result of the flesh of a person being caught between the teeth of the upper and lower jaw of an animal. Animal bites do not include insect bites. |
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appropriate diet for age |
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- Nutritional needs and developmental skills change as a child grows. An age-appropriate diet is one that provides the nutritional requirements and matches the developmental capabilities of a child. An age-appropriate diet provides the nutrients a child needs to grow and develop. It also includes foods that a child likes and can eat easily. This makes meals and snacks more pleasant. |
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asthma |
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- Asthma is a common lung disease. In a person with asthma, the airways narrow as a result of inflammation within the airway wall, when exposed to different factors, or triggers. As such, individuals with asthma develop symptoms of widespread and variable airflow obstruction. These events can often reverse spontaneously or with appropriate medication. |
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astigmatism |
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- The three most common reasons people need glasses are far sightedness, near sightedness and astigmatism. Many people think astigmatism is a disease or neurological problem. It is not. It is an abnormality in the optical part of the eye. It produces a blurred image. |
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asymptomatic bacteriuria |
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- Asymptomatic bacteruiria is the presence of bacteria in the urine, without any symptoms. |
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atrial septal defects |
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- An atrial septal defect is an abnormal opening in the wall of the heart that separates the right from the left atrium. |
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attention deficit disorder |
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Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - For Parents |
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Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - For Parents - What is an attention deficit disorder? - Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or AD/HD is a neurobiological condition that affects 3%-5% of the school age population. The... |
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aural polyps |
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- Aural polyps are non-cancerous, fleshy growths in the outer ear canal or on the eardrum. |
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autism |
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- Autism is a condition that affects development of the brain. Autism severely affects a person's social, mental, emotional, and communications skills. |
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Autism |
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Autism - One in a thousand children are born with autism, a condition for which there's no cure and no medical treatment. But it can be managed. Peta Newbold reports: - When seven-year old twins Corey and Harley Williams returned home... |
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babies and shots |
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- During their early years, children need many different vaccinations to prevent diseases that used to cause serious health problems. |
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baby bottle tooth decay |
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baby feeding patterns |
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- Newborn infants have different patterns of feeding behaviour. |
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bacterial meningitis |
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- Bacterial (back-tier-ee-al) meningitis (men-in-jie-tis) is an infection of the membranes that cover the brain. |
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bad breath |
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- Unpleasant, unusual, or offensive odour to the breath |
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benign ear growth |
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Biology versus behaviour |
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Biology versus behaviour - March 13, 2001 - What comes first: the chicken or the egg? Are we born with the behavioural legacy of our gender differences, or do we learn them? Is the brain male or female? Wendy Champagne looks into the age... |
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bleeding |
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- Bleeding is any loss of blood from the body. Bleeding can occur either internally or externally. It can occur through a natural opening such as the vagina. Most bleeding occurs through a break in the skin. |
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blepharitis |
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- Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelid. It develops at the place where the mucous membrane on the underside of the lid joins the skin on the top of the lid. It occurs in both children and adults. The condition can be chronic and recur. |
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blood in the stools |
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- Blood in the stools means that blood from somewhere in the body is being excreted in the stool, or bowel movement. |
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blood in the urine |
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- Blood in the urine can be visible, or it may only be noticed when the urine is tested. |
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botulism in adults and children |
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- Botulism is a rare but potentially fatal disorder. It is caused by a toxin, or poison, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It can result in paralysis, or the loss of sensation or muscle function, if left untreated. It can also cause breathing difficulty. |
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botulism in infants |
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- Botulism is a condition caused by a toxin made by bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. This toxin triggers sudden, progressive weakness and paralysis. Infant botulism is usually seen in babies younger than 6 months old. |
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bowleg |
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brain stem auditory evoked response test |
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breastfeeding |
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- Techniques and advice for successful breastfeeding. |
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breastfeeding nutrition |
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- Breastfeeding is feeding a baby with human milk. Experts agree that the best nourishment for a full-term baby is human milk. Breast milk or formula is the only nourishment a baby needs for the first 4 to 6 months of life. |
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bronchiolitis |
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- Bronchiolitis is an inflammation in the bronchioles, or small airways in the lungs. It is characterised by wheezing. It usually affects children under 2 years of age. |
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bruising |
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- Bruising is an area of discoloured skin. Bruising develops when the lining of small blood vessels is damaged, allowing blood cells to escape into the skin and tissues. This condition most often occurs after a person injures a particular part of the body. |
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burns |
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- A burn is defined as any destruction of skin or body tissue resulting from heat, chemicals, or electricity. The severity of a burn depends on how much tissue is affected, and how deep the burn is. Burn severity can range from first-degree to third-degree. |
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caffeine in the diet |
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- Caffeine occurs naturally in foods and beverages. It is known to be a potent stimulant of the central nervous system (CNS). |
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celiac disease |
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Coeliac disease is a malabsorption syndrome. The intestine is not able to absorb vital dietary nutrients from foods. Due to a sensitivity of foods containing gliadin, an alcohol-soluble portion of gluten. |
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celiac disease-nutrition |
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- Coeliac disease is a chronic digestive disorder that affects the small intestine. It can begin at any stage of life, from infancy through adulthood. The disease varies in severity from person to person. People with coeliac disease have an intolerance or a reaction to gliadin, which is a component of gluten. Gluten and gliadin are found in several common grains. |
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cellulitis |
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- Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and the layer under the skin. |
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cerebral palsy |
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- Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive condition due to an injury to the brain before it is fully mature. This injury causes long-term problems with movement and often other difficulties as well. |
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chapped lips |
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- Chapped lips are dry, peeling, and uncomfortable. |
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chemical burns |
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- Chemical burns involve injury to a part of the body caused by short- or long-term exposure to a chemical substance. |
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cherry angioma |
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- A cherry angioma is a tuft of blood vessels that form a bright red bump on the skin. |
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chickenpox |
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- Chicken pox is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is characterised by a blistery rash. |
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chickenpox vaccine |
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- The chickenpox vaccine is given to prevent chickenpox in children and adults. Vaccines contain weakened or dead germs that cause certain diseases. To fight these germs, the body's immune system creates antibodies. Antibodies are cells that attack foreign substances in the body. A vaccine causes the body to makes antibodies to the weakened germs in the vaccine. Some of these antibodies will stay in the body for long periods of time. How long they remain depends on which vaccine a person gets. If the person is later exposed to the disease, the antibodies multiply to fight it off. |
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child sexual abuse |
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- Child sexual abuse is any experience during childhood or adolescence that involves inappropriate sexual attention by another person. This person is usually an adult, but can also be an older child, teenager, or even a person the same age. It can take place within the family, by a parent, stepparent, sibling, or other relative. It also can occur outside the family by a friend, neighbour, childcare person, teacher, or random molester. Broadbent and Bentley (1997) from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare advise there were 4,862 substantiated cases of sexual abuse reported to state and territory organisations throughout Australia. |
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childhood disintegrative disorder |
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- A child with childhood disintegrative disorder develops normally for the first 2 years. At 3-4 years of age, the child shows marked deterioration of his or her intellectual, social, and language skills. Childhood disintegrative disorder is a type of pervasive developmental disorder. |
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Children with dreams |
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Children with dreams - February 27, 2001 - Cerebral palsy affects around one in 400 children born in Australia every year. While it may make life a little bit more of a challenge, it certainly doesn't have to mean giving up on the more... |
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choking in the conscious child |
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- Choking in a conscious child may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. |
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choking in the unconscious child |
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- Choking in an unconscious child may occur when the upper airway, usually the throat or windpipe, is blocked by an object or irritation. A child for the purposes of this article is 1 to 8 years old. |
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chromosome analysis |
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- Chromosome analysis involves looking at cells under a microscope to see if the chromosomes are normal. |
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chronic otitis externa |
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- Chronic otitis externa is a persistent inflammation of the ear canal. |
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chronic otitis media |
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- Chronic otitis media is a term to describe persistent or chronic middle ear inflammation. This may be due to persistent fluid behind the eardrum from repeated middle ear infections. |
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chronic sinusitis |
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cleft lip and palate |
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cognitive impairment |
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colds |
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- A cold is a viral infection that affects the upper airway including the nose, pharynx, throat, airways, and lungs. |
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color blindness |
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concussion |
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- A concussion is the most common form of head injury. Most concussions are caused by a blow to the head or sudden, uncontrolled, rapid movement of the head. A concussion may cause temporary symptoms but not permanent brain damage. |
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conduct disorder in children |
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- Conduct disorder is characterised by repeated bouts of disruptive behaviour. The child or adolescent is a rule-breaker who ignores the basic rights of other people, causes physical harm to others or animals, steals, lies and shows other "bad" behaviours. |
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congenital heart disease |
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congestive heart failure in children |
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conjunctivitis |
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contact dermatitis |
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corneal injury |
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- The cornea (corn-ee-ah) is the clear window on the front of the eye that covers the coloured iris and pupil. Injury to the cornea causes hazy vision and scarring. It can also cause a loss of vision. |
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corneal ulcers and infections |
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- The cornea is the clear window on the front of the eye that covers the coloured iris and pupil. There are different types of corneal ulcers. The ulcers may be cause by bacteria, a virus or fungus. The corneal tissue breaks down starting at the surface. Poor healing can cause an ulcer to form. |
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cow's milk |
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- Cow's milk provides the body with energy, protein, calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, and other nutrients. It is an important part of a healthy diet for children older than 12 months and adults. Medical and nutrition experts highly recommend breast-feeding for an infant's first year of life. Commercially prepared infant formulas are usually cow's milk-based or soy-based. Commercially prepared infant formulas do not contain factors that help protect babies from allergies and common illnesses, though infant formulas are nutritionally similar to breast milk. |
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craniosynostosis |
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- Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of the spaces between the bones that make up the skull. |
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creeping eruption |
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- Creeping eruption is a hookworm infection of the skin. The skin is invaded by the larvae of the dog or cat hookworm. This causes a thread-like line of inflammation that moves in a "creeping" form over time. |
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croup |
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crush injury |
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- A crush injury occurs when a body part is caught between 2 objects. |
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crying in childhood |
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- Children may cry for many reasons ranging from serious health problems to being hungry. |
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cyanotic heart disease |
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cystic fibrosis |
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cystic fibrosis - nutritional considerations |
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- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease. CF occurs in 1 in 2500 births in Australia and is the most common genetic disease in Caucasian Australians. CF prevents the body from absorbing enough nutrients. This makes it difficult for people with CF to meet increased nutrient needs. As a result, people with CF may need to eat an enriched diet with more kilojoules and take extra vitamins and enzymes. |
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cytomegalovirus |
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Day by day |
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Day by day - March 07, 2001 - One in every thousand Australians is affected by neuromuscular disorders, which involve the progressive and irreversible wasting of muscle tissue. Wendy Champagne investigates. - Ryan Struk was a little... |
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day care health risks |
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day care health risks - What is the information for this topic? - Many young children spend a good portion of their lives in daycare. There are many benefits to day care. It can provide enriching educational and social experiences for the... |
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dental care of the child |
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- In recent years, the way that dentists care for children's teeth has changed. There is now a greater emphasis on prevention. Many of the problems of oral disease have been greatly reduced because individuals have been educated about proper oral hygiene. |
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dental caries |
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dental injuries |
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- Dental accidents can happen to anyone at anytime. In an active world where many individuals enjoy sports activities, there is a risk of damaging the teeth. |
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dental x-ray |
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diaper rash |
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diarrhea |
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- Diarrhoea is the passage of watery stools. |
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diarrhea caused by antibiotics |
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diarrhea in children |
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- Diarrhoea is a condition involving frequent loose, watery stools. |
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diet and calories |
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- Food supplies kilojoules which are units of energy. The body burns kilojoules to stay alive and to move. Kilojoules are a way of measuring the potential energy in foods. They also measure the amount of energy the body uses. There are only 3 nutrients that provide kilojoules in food: fat, protein, and carbohydrate. These 3 nutrients make up foods in all of the major food groups. Some foods have 1, 2 or all 3 of these nutrients. Even though it is not a nutrient, alcohol has kilojoules too. |
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difficulty swallowing |
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- Difficult swallowing describes any type of trouble a person may have when trying to swallow food or liquids. |
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discussing death with children |
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- Death is an inevitable part of life. While many people are uncomfortable talking about this, especially to children, everyone must one day learn to handle death. |
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dislocated elbow in children |
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- A dislocated elbow occurs when the head of the radial bone, one of the two bones of the lower arm, is moved out of place at the elbow. The dislocation results in pain and decreased movement of the elbow joint. It occurs most often in children younger than 5 years old. |
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Down syndrome |
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- Down syndrome is the name for the pattern of physical features and disorders that usually occur from an extra chromosome twenty one. Chromosomes are the materials that store people's genetic information. |
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DPT immunization |
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
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- Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder of the muscles. It causes the muscles to degenerate and lose their function. |
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dyshidrotic eczema |
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dyslexia |
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E. coli enteritis |
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ear foreign bodies |
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- An ear foreign body is anything inside of the ear canal other than earwax. Foreign bodies that are commonly found in the ear are beads, beans, cotton swabs, paper clips, bugs, insects, and small toys. |
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ear pain |
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- Ear pain is any pain that occurs in any part of the inner, middle, or outer ear. This pain can be by itself or associated with other symptoms. |
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ear tube insertion |
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- Ear tube insertion is a surgical procedure used to drain fluid from the middle ear. In this procedure, a small cut is made in the eardrum. Next, special tubes, called Grommets, are placed in the ear to allow fluid to drain from the middle ear. These tubes also allow air to circulate through the area behind the middle ear. |
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ear unclogging from high altitudes |
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ear wax blockage |
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- Ear wax blockage is a common complaint that causes no serious effects. It involves wax build up that produces a sensation of fullness in the ear, and possibly partial deafness. |
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eczema |
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electrical injury |
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- An electrical injury occurs when the skin or internal organs are exposed to electric current. |
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emotional abuse |
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- Emotional abuse occurs when a person uses words or actions to make another person think less or himself or herself. It may be accompanied by physical abuse or sexual abuse. |
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encephalitis |
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- Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. It usually follows or results from an infection. |
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enema |
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- An enema is a way of cleaning out the bowel or large intestine. Various solutions are inserted into the rectum to soften the faeces. This causes the bowel and rectum to stretch and expand, and helps the bowel to empty. |
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enuresis |
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epiglottitis |
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epilepsy |
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ethmoiditis |
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eustachian tube patency |
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- Eustachian tube patency describes a condition in which the eustachian tube is continually open. The eustachian tube is a structure in the ear that runs from behind the eardrum to the back part of the nasal cavity. |
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exercise and children |
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- Children in Australia get significantly less physical exercise than in past decades. This lack of activity has led to increased rates of obesity and generally lower levels of fitness among children. |
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eye emergencies |
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- Eye emergencies can be divided into 3 levels: |
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eye muscle repair |
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- Eye muscle surgery is done to correct the position of the eyes. The goal is to make the eyes appear straight rather than turned inward, to the side, up or down. |
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eye pain |
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- Eye pain refers to any discomfort in the area of the eye. |
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faecal impaction |
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- Faecal impaction is a severe form of constipation in which a large mass of stool cannot be passed. |
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failure to thrive |
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fainting |
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- Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness. It is caused by not having enough blood flow to the brain. |
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farsightedness |
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- Farsightedness describes a decreased ability to see things that are close to the body. |
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febrile seizures |
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fever |
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fever and children |
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- Fever is defined as a higher than normal body temperature. Normal temperature is 37 degrees Celsius (c). |
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fever blisters |
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fifth disease |
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first aid for difficulty breathing |
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- A person who has difficulty breathing is having trouble moving air in or out of the lungs. This can be the result of an airway obstruction, disease, severe allergic reaction, injury, or other medical condition. |
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first aid for near drowning |
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- Near drowning occurs when a person becomes submerged in a liquid, usually water, making breathing difficult and causing near death or, in some cases, initial survival with the victim dying of related causes more than 24 hours later. |
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first aid for poisoning |
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- Poisoning occurs when a person comes in contact with a toxic substance. Contact can mean swallowing, inhaling, touching, or injecting a toxic substance. |
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first aid for shock |
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- Shock occurs when blood flow throughout the body is decreased and the body tissues don't get enough oxygen. This lack of oxygen causes injury to many body systems. There may be brain, kidney, or heart damage; loss of a limb; and intestinal problems. |
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fishhook removal |
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- Removing a fishhook from the skin can be a difficult procedure. There are hundreds of different hook patterns. Hooks vary in size and shape according to their purpose. The parts of a hook include: point, which is the sharpened end of a hook that penetrates the fish's mouth barb, or the projection extending backward from the point of the hook bend, which is the bottom or curved part of the hook shank, or the upper portion of the hook that extends from the bend to the eye eye, or the hole or loop at the end of the shank through which the line is tiedWho is a candidate for the procedure? |
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flu |
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- Influenza, more commonly known as the flu, is a viral illness that affects the respiratory tract. |
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flu vaccine |
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fluoride |
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- Fluoride is a trace mineral. It is present in the body in a very small amount. The average body contains about two and a half grams of fluoride. Most fluoride is found in the bones and teeth. |
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food allergy |
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- A food allergy is an immune response caused by certain foods when those foods are eaten or come into contact with the body. |
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food jags and fussy eaters |
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- Food jags are periods in which children begin to refuse foods that they previously liked. Food jags can also occur when children request a particular food at every meal. This eating pattern is commonly seen in children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. |
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food poisoning |
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- Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating foods contaminated with organisms that cause infections or toxins. |
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foreign body in the nose |
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- The nose can become blocked accidentally by a substance not normally found there. Such an object or material is called a foreign body. |
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foreign object in the eye |
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- Sometimes small objects get under the eyelid but do not penetrate the eyeball itself. These can cause irritation and discomfort in the eye and must be removed. |
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gastroenteritis |
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Gaucher disease |
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Giant Naevus |
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- A giant naevus is a large, pigmented, mole-like birthmark. It covers an extremely large area of the body, often in the area covered by a pair of bathing trunks. It is often covered with hair. |
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giardiasis |
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- Giardiasis is a gastrointestinal infection marked by diarrhoea. It is caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia. |
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Gift Of Life: How A New Kidney Is Changing A Young Life |
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Gift Of Life: How A New Kidney Is Changing A Young Life - When the Muhammadiyah Association announced its support for a proposed law to allow Muslims to become automatic kidney pledgers, kidney patients waiting for a transplant have come... |
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glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency |
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grinding of teeth |
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group A streptococcal infections |
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- Group A streptococcal infections include strep throat, scarlet fever, and others. |
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hand, foot and mouth disease |
|
- Hand, foot and mouth (HFM) disease is a viral infection with a characteristic rash. It usually occurs in young children. |
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head injury |
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- A head injury is defined as any trauma to the head that may or may not permanently injure the brain. |
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head lice and body lice |
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- Lice are small, grey, bugs. Head lice attach themselves to the hair shafts. Head lice causes itching and scratch marks on the scalp. Body lice actually live in the seams of clothing, not on the skin. The lice will leave the clothing to bite the infected person. The lice leave eggs, also called nits, attached to the hair shafts. |
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Heamophilia A |
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Heamophilia B |
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hearing impairment |
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- An impairment means there is a change in the way a certain body part works that is different from usual. The impairment may not even be noticeable or have any effect on how the person functions. Or the impairment may be obvious and may make it difficult or impossible for the person to do certain activities. A hearing impairment means there is a change in what a person hears. This can range from having difficulty hearing certain sounds to complete deafness, or loss of all hearing. |
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heart murmur |
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- A heart murmur is an extra, unexpected, or abnormal sound that is caused by the flow of blood through the heart. |
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heat emergencies |
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- A heat emergency occurs when the heat-regulating mechanism in the body is not working correctly. The results of this malfunctioning can include high fever, collapse, convulsions, coma, and even death. A heat emergency generally occurs when the body is exposed to very high temperatures. |
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hemiplegia |
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hepatitis |
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- Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can affect how the liver works. |
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Hib vaccine |
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hiccups |
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Hirschsprung disease |
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hives |
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- Hives are red, itchy welts on the skin that come and go over the course of minutes or hours. All types of hives can cause itching. They usually form on the skin but sometimes hives form in the soft tissue of the mouth, eyes and throat. |
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how to make a sling |
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- A sling is a device that is made to hold an injured part of the body and limit its movement and relieve pain. |
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how to make a splint |
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- A splint is a rigid device that is used for supporting an injured body part. The use of a splint is usually considered to be temporary, to prevent movement until medical help is received. There are many splints that may be temporary but are used for longer periods of time. Sometimes people can remove their splints to change clothes and bathe and to reposition the splint. |
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human bites |
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- A human bite is a wound or tissue injury that results from one human biting another. |
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humidifiers and health |
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- Humidifiers are machines that put tiny droplets of water vapor into the air. |
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Hunter syndrome |
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- Hunter syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes a protein called mucopolysaccharide to build up in body tissues. This damages the tissues and leads to the symptoms. |
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hydrocoele |
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- A hydrocoele is a collection of fluid around the testicle. |
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hydrocoele repair |
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- A hydrocoele repair is a surgical procedure performed to remove a fluid-filled mass in the scrotum, called a hydrocoele. |
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hypogonadism |
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- Hypogonadism is a condition in which the ovaries in women or the testes in men do not function properly. As a result, normal sexual development does not take place or is reversed. |
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hypospadias repair |
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- Hypospadias a condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis, rather than in its normal location at the tip of the penis. About half the time, the opening is within an inch of the penis tip. This is known as anterior hypospadias. However, the opening can fall anywhere along the shaft of the penis to below the base of the scrotum. This condition is present from birth. |
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hypothalamic tumour |
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- A hypothalamic tumour is a growth that develops inside or on top of the hypothalamus in the brain. |
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hypothermia |
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Immunisation - the facts |
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Immunisation - the facts - November 08, 2001 - Immunisation, an effective way of helping to prevent thousands of deaths each year from such diseases as polio, haemophilus influenza and whooping cough, has come under attack in recent years... |
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impetigo |
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- Impetigo(im-pa-tay-go) is a bacterial infection on the surface of the skin, characterised by honey coloured crusts and mild sores. |
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inborn errors of metabolism |
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infectious myringitis |
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inguinal hernia |
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insect bites and stings |
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- An insect bite refers to a puncture wound in the skin caused by an insect when it stings or bites a human. |
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intussusception |
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- Intussusception is the telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another. It generally occurs in young children. |
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irritability in children |
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- Irritability is a state of being overly sensitive to stimulation. Children who are irritable may, for example, cry easily. |
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itching |
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- Itching is an irritating sensation in the skin that makes a person want to scratch. |
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juvenile angiofibroma |
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- A juvenile angiofibroma is a benign, or non-cancerous, tumour made of tissue fibres and blood vessels. |
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Kawasaki disease |
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- Kawasaki disease is a poorly understood condition that affects young children. It causes a fever and severe inflammation in different areas of the body. |
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lactose intolerance |
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language disorders in children |
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laryngitis |
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lead poisoning |
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- Lead is a metal found in the environment. If a person is exposed to large amounts of lead, poisoning may occur. |
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learning disability |
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loss of appetite |
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low-fat diet and children |
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malnutrition |
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- Malnutrition is an imbalance or deficiency of nutrients. This can come from not eating enough healthy foods or by using up too many nutrients through activities. Malnutrition can be identified by using body weight, body fat, protein stores and laboratory values. |
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marine animal sting or bite |
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- A sting or bite from any form of marine life, especially salt-water dwellers, may cause this injury. |
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mastoidectomy |
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- A mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the mastoid bone, which is the bone directly behind the ear. |
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mastoiditis |
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- Mastoiditis is an inflammation within the mastoid bone, which is the bone immediately behind the ear. Mastoiditis is usually caused by an infection. |
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measles |
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- Measles is a viral infection of the respiratory tract and the skin. It is one of the most contagious diseases known. Measles was once very common, but a vaccine has made it much more rare. |
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measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine |
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- Vaccines contain weakened or dead germs that cause certain diseases. To fight these germs, a person's immune system creates antibodies which help the body rid itself of the germs and prevent infection. Some of these antibodies will stay in the body for use at a later time if needed. Later in life, if a child or adult is exposed to these diseases, the antibodies multiply and fight them off. |
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meatal stenosis |
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- Meatal stenosis is a narrowing of the meatus, which restricts the flow of urine. The urethra is the narrow tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside. In males, the urethra ends at the tip of the penis. The opening to the outside is known as the meatus. The condition is seen mostly in young boys, but sometimes occurs in adult men. |
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medullary cystic disease |
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- Medullary cystic disease (MCD) is an inherited condition that affects the kidneys. In this condition, multiple small fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, form inside the kidneys. |
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meningitis in infants and children |
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- The meninges are the membranes that line the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of these areas. It is usually caused by infection. |
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Meningococcal - how real is the threat? |
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Meningococcal - how real is the threat? - January 22, 2002 - Meningococcal has rapidly become one of the most feared diseases in Australia over the past few years, largely due to a slight increase in the number of cases reported and... |
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meningococcal infections |
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- Meningococcal infections are caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. |
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mental retardation |
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mononucleosis |
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motion sickness |
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- Motion sickness is the body's response to conflicting messages about motion that are sent to the brain. The conflict is between what the eyes see and what the body senses. |
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mouth ulcer |
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mumps |
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- Mumps is a viral infection that causes swelling of the parotid gland, a salivary gland below the angle of the lower jaw. Mumps can also affect other organs, especially in adults. |
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muscular dystrophy |
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- Muscular dystrophy describes a group of genetic muscle diseases that cause muscle weakness. |
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nasal allergies |
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nausea |
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- Nausea is a feeling of queasiness in the stomach. It is usually associated with the feeling that one is going to throw up, or vomit. |
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neck injury |
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- A neck injury is any injury to the soft tissue, bony, or nerve structures of the neck. |
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noisy breathing in children |
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- Noisy breathing in children is a common condition, usually caused by a blockage in the air passages. |
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normal growth and development |
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- There are 4 stages of growth and development. These are infancy, pre-school, school age and adolescence. |
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nose emergencies |
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- Any event involving severe loss of blood through the nose or the fracturing of bones in the nose is considered a nose emergency. Nose emergencies can also occur when an object is lodged in the nose preventing the person from breathing. |
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nose fracture |
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- A nose fracture is a break in the nasal bone. Though most of the nose is made of cartilage, a soft spongy material, the upper portion of the nose has a bone underneath it called the nasal bone. A nose fracture usually occurs after an injury to the face. |
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nosebleed |
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nutrition and travelling with children |
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- Travelling with children can be fun and exciting. It also can present challenges. Travelling can disrupt schedules, routines and familiar activities. Unfamiliar foods are also part of travel. |
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obesity |
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- Obesity is measured using body mass index or BMI. This refers to body weight relative to height. If a person's BMI is greater than 25 kg per metre squared, he or she is considered overweight. A BMI greater than 30 kg per metre squared is considered obese. |
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oral hygiene |
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otitis |
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painful urination |
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peritonsillar abscess |
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- This is the name for an abscess that forms in the space around the tonsils. |
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pertussis |
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- The bacteria Bordetella pertussis causes pertussis, a respiratory illness characterised by severe episodes of cough. |
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pervasive developmental disorder |
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pesticides at home |
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petechiae |
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- Petechiae are pinpoint-sized haemorrhages of small capillaries in the skin or mucous membranes. |
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petit mal seizure |
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- Petit mal seizures are a form of epilepsy, a condition that involves disturbances of brain function that result in seizures. Petit mal seizures can occur many times an hour or day and usually occur in children. |
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phenylketonuria |
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phosphorous |
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- Phosphorous is an essential mineral, and the second most abundant mineral in the body. Eighty percent of phosphorous is found in the bones and teeth. The other 20 percent works in body functions. It is found in every cell of the body. |
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physical abuse |
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- Physical abuse is forceful behaviour that can result in injury to another person. An abuser uses beatings to control the victim. The abuse rarely occurs just one time. Physical abuse may be accompanied by sexual and/or emotional abuse. |
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physical exam schedule |
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pica |
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- Pica is an eating disorder in which a person repeatedly eats non-food items. |
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pinworm |
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plaque and tartar on teeth |
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pneumonia |
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- Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by many different micro-organisms, including viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. |
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pneumonia vaccine |
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polio immunisation |
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- A vaccine is an injection or oral solution given to protect a person against a life-threatening disease. There are two types of polio vaccines. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is delivered in an injection form. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is delivered through drops that are swallowed. The OPV is a live vaccine. and is the most common means of delivering the vaccine in Australia. |
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poliomyelitis |
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porphyria |
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- Porphyria is a condition that affects how haeme is made and broken down by the body. Haeme is the part of haemoglobin that carries oxygen to the cells of the body. |
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port wine stain |
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post streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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- Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a type of kidney inflammation. It is caused by a reaction to an infection with certain strains of bacteria called Streptococcus. |
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potassium |
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- Potassium is one of the electrolyte minerals. It is important in maintaining the body's acid-base and fluid balance. Potassium works very closely with sodium and chloride, which are also electrolyte minerals. These three minerals are in all fluids of the body. Potassium is found in fluids within cells. The other two are found in fluids outside of cells. |
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rash |
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recurring urinary tract infection |
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respite care |
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- Respite care is short-term, temporary care provided to people with severe disabilities, chronic illnesses, or terminal illnesses. It is designed to give families a break from the stress of daily caregiving. Respite care can be for a few hours, overnight, or for days. The amount of care can change with the needs of the family and/or the ill or disabled person. |
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Reye's syndrome |
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- Reye's syndrome is a rare disorder that occurs after a viral infection. It results in sudden and severe decline in brain and liver function. |
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rheumatic fever |
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- This is an immune response that occurs in the body, causing inflammation and damage to certain organs, particularly the heart. It follows a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. |
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rosacea |
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roseola |
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RSV infection |
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rubella |
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ruptured or perforated eardrum |
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- A perforated eardrum is an eardrum with a hole in it. |
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salmonella infections |
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scabies |
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- Scabies is a skin infestation caused by the scabies mite. It often causes intense itchiness. |
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scalp problems |
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scarlet fever |
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scrotal mass |
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- The term scrotal mass means that a distinct mass can be felt within the scrotum, as opposed to a general swelling of the scrotum. |
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seatbelts and infants |
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- Seatbelts and other forms of restraint for children in motor vehicles are important safety measures designed to reduce the chance of injury and death. |
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seborrheic dermatitis |
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seizure |
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- A seizure is the sudden, uncontrollable discharge of excessive electrical activity in the brain. |
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separation anxiety |
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- Separation anxiety in childhood is the anxiety that goes along with the fear of being separated from parents or parent figures. |
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shaken baby syndrome |
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- Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse and involves repeated shaking of a young baby that results in a head or neck injury. This movement causes the brain to slam against the skull. |
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sinusitis |
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skin lesions |
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sleepwalking and children |
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- Sleepwalking is purposeless sitting up or walking while asleep. It is a fairly common childhood sleep disorder. A child will have no memory of the event afterward. |
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smashed fingers |
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- Smashed or crushed fingers occur when fingers are caught between heavy objects. Trauma may occur to one or more fingers, most often the thumb. |
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snake bite |
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- A snake bite is an injury that can cause mild to severe reactions whether or not the snake is poisonous. |
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sore throat |
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speech computers |
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speech disorders in children |
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speech impairment |
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speech therapy |
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- Speech therapy is a service provided by a health care professional that helps a person improve his or her ability to communicate. This includes both speech, which is how sounds are made, and language, which involves understanding and choosing the correct words to use. |
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spitting up |
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spleen removal |
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- Spleen removal, or splenectomy, involves surgically removing the spleen from the body. The spleen produces red blood cells and white blood cells in the body. It also stores blood. The spleen also filters out bacteria and old red blood cells from the blood. It is located to the upper left side of the abdomen, just in front of the stomach. |
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splinter removal |
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- Splinter removal is a way to remove splinters of wood or other foreign bodies that are just under the skin. |
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sports for children with disabilities |
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- A sport is a physical activity engaged in for pleasure, which generally involves competition. Sports benefit children and their families because sports provide not only fun but also: helps build a child's self-image connects people through competition helps children to meet other children of like interests and situations helps children with disabilities by teaching them independence as well as teamwork helps improve health, discipline, and confidenceSports help children with disabilities to be part of society. Sports help to promote a focus on the child's ability versus disability. A disability is the lack of ability or a restriction in ability to function normally -- physically or mentally. |
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sports safety for summer |
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- Sports safety for summer focuses on guidelines for playing it safe in summertime heat and humidity. |
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staphylococcal scalded skin |
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strep throat |
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- Strep throat is an infection of the pharynx caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. The pharynx is the part of the throat between the tonsils and the larynx, or voice box. |
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stress and children |
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- Stress is the "wear and tear" our bodies go through as we adjust to our constantly changing environment. Anything that causes change in our lives causes stress. Stress can be short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic). Acute stress is the reaction to an immediate threat. This is commonly known as the fight-or-flight response. The threat can be any situation that is perceived, even subconsciously, as a danger. |
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stye |
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sunburn |
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- A sunburn is inflammation of the skin as a result of overexposure to the sun. The sun's ultraviolet rays destroy the outer layer of skin cells and the tiny blood vessels underneath and cause a first-degree burn. |
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sutures |
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swimmer's ear |
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swollen glands |
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tailbone trauma |
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- Tailbone trauma is any injury that occurs to the coccyx or tailbone, which is found at the base of the spine. |
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Tay-Sachs disease |
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teething |
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- Teething is the time in infancy and early childhood when children get their primary teeth. |
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temper tantrums in children |
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temperature |
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- Normal body temperature is often defined as 37 degrees Celsius (C). Whenever a person is ill or feels hot or cold to the touch, it is important to take their temperature. If a doctor is called during an illness, he or she will often ask for the temperature of the ill person. |
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testicular feminization |
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testicular torsion repair |
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tetanus |
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tetanus immunization |
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The Best Food For Your Baby |
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The Best Food For Your Baby - - Why Breast Milk? - Fear And Pain - Support For Breastfeeding - Emotional Rewards - If breastmilk is so good for babies, why do so many mothers find it tough going? Nikki MacFarlane of HealthAnswers explains... |
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thumb sucking |
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toilet training |
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tonsillitis |
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tooth eruption |
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toothaches |
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toxic megacolon |
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toxic synovitis |
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tricuspid regurgitation |
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undescended testicle |
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undescended testicle repair |
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upper respiratory infection |
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- The upper part of the respiratory system includes the ears, nose, sinuses, mouth, and throat. It also includes the main bronchi or windpipes, which are the air-carrying tubes in the chest. The upper respiratory system is the most commonly infected area in the body. |
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urinary tract infections in children |
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vomiting |
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water in diet |
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- People can live for weeks without food. Without water, people will die within days. The human body is 50% to 70% water. |
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Weekend Feature: Children Of Divorce |
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You and your husband are splitting up, so is your child, literally. Can you minimise the damage in any way? Koh Joh Ting of HealthAnswers reports. - Table 1: Rates of Divorce between 1993 and 1998 - Duration of marriage - 1993 - 1998 -... |
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wheezing |
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- Wheezing describes a form of difficult, noisy breathing. |
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wounds |
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- A wound is any injury resulting in the breaking of the skin. Wounds can be punctures, crush wounds or abrasions or cuts. Wounds can also be caused by burns or cold. |
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